Cesarean delivery or induction of labor in pre-labor twin gestations: a secondary analysis of the twin birth study

Table 2 Neonatal outcomes in women who underwent pre-labor cesarean section (PrlCS) or induction of labor (IOL)

Outcome n (%)	PrlCS (n = 938)	IOL (n = 409)	aOR (95% CI)	P
Composite primary outcome	31 (1.7)	16 (2.0)	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	0.61
Death	15 (0.8)	6 (0.7)	1.1 (0.4–3.3)	0.88
Serious neonatal morbidity^a	16 (0.9)	10 (1.2)	0.7 (0.3–1.6)	0.4
Birth trauma ^b	2 (0.1)	2 (0.2)	0.4 (0.0–4.8)	0.49
Apgar score < 4 at 5 min	2 (0.1)	3 (0.4)	0.28 (0.0–1.7)	0.24
Abnormal level of consciousness ^c	0	0	–
≥2 Seizures within 72 h after birth	0	2 (0.3)		0.09
Assisted ventilation ^d	12 (0.7)	2 (0.3)	2.61 (0.6–11.9)	0.13
Neonatal sepsis within 72 h after birth	0	0	–
Necrotizing enterocolitis	0	1 (0.1)		0.30
Cystic periventricular leukomalacia	2 (0.1)	0		0.99

PrlCS Pre-labor cesarean section, IOL Induction of labor
Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%-CI) represent the result of a generalized estimating equation, accounting for maternal age, parity, previous CS, gestational age at delivery, presentation at delivery, antenatal corticosteroids use and for the correlation between infants from the same pregnancy
^aSerious neonatal morbidity: ^bbirth trauma (long-bone fracture, other bone fracture, facial-nerve injury at 72 h of age or at discharge, intracerebral hemorrhage); Apgar score < 4 at 5 min; neurological (≥ 2 seizures before 72 h of age; coma; stupor or decreased response to pain); respiratory (assisted ventilation for ≥24 h by endotracheal tube, inserted before 72 h of age; bronchopulmonary dysplasia); neonatal sepsis before 72 h of age; necrotizing enterocolitis; grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia
^cAbnormal level of consciousness: Coma, stupor or decreased response to pain, hyperalert, drowsy, or lethargic
^dAssisted ventilation for ≥24 h by means of endotracheal tube, inserted within 72 h after birth

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