Table 1 Characteristics of babies and women observed in labour and delivery wards, EN-BIRTH study (n = 23,471 births)
Bangladesh | Nepal | Tanzania | All sites | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azimpur | Kushtia | Pokhara | Temeke | Muhimbili | ||
Tertiary | District | Regional | Regional | National | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Total Women | 2910 | 2412 | 7370 | 6748 | 3575 | 23,015 |
Women’s Age | ||||||
< 18 years | 25 (0.9) | 3 (0.1) | 311 (4.2) | 26 (0.4) | 8 (0.2) | 373 (1.6) |
18–19 years | 475 (16.3) | 197 (8.2) | 817 (11.1) | 767 (11.4) | 159 (4.4) | 2415 (10.5) |
20–24 years | 1158 (39.8) | 954 (39.6) | 3080 (41.8) | 2314 (34.3) | 722 (20.2) | 8228 (35.8) |
25–29 years | 867 (29.8) | 736 (30.5) | 2114 (28.7) | 1697 (25.1) | 1134 (31.7) | 6548 (28.5) |
30–34 years | 297 (10.2) | 373 (15.5) | 827 (11.2) | 1146 (17) | 924 (25.8) | 3567 (15.5) |
35+ years | 88 (3) | 149 (6.2) | 221 (3) | 798 (11.8) | 628 (17.6) | 1884 (8.2) |
Maternal education | ||||||
No Education | 39 (1.3) | 77 (3.2) | 268 (3.6) | 202 (3) | 66 (1.8) | 652 (2.8) |
Primary incomplete | 111 (3.8) | 127 (5.3) | 252 (3.4) | 81 (1.2) | 45 (1.3) | 616 (2.7) |
Primary complete | 339 (11.6) | 347 (14.4) | 302 (4.1) | 31 (0.5) | 5 (0.1) | 1024 (4.4) |
Secondary incomplete | 985 (33.8) | 954 (39.6) | 1637 (22.2) | 4053 (60.1) | 1299 (36.3) | 8928 (38.8) |
Secondary complete or higher | 1273 (43.7) | 870 (36.1) | 4509 (61.2) | 2346 (34.8) | 2146 (60) | 11,144 (48.4) |
Missing | 163 (5.6) | 37 (1.5) | 402 (5.5) | 35 (0.5) | 14 (0.4) | 651 (2.8) |
Parity | ||||||
Nullipara | 1350 (46.4) | 1038 (43) | 4402 (59.7) | 2917 (43.2) | 1363 (38.1) | 11,070 (48.1) |
Multipara | 56 (1.9) | 5 (0.2) | 6 (0.1) | 13 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 83 (0.4) |
Missing | 1504 (51.7) | 1369 (56.8) | 2961 (40.2) | 3816 (56.6) | 2207 (61.8) | 11,857 (51.5) |
Total Baby | 2936 | 2459 | 7442 | 6869 | 3765 | 23,471 |
Live Birth | 2895 (99.5) | 2302 (96.6) | 7171 (98.1) | 6606 (97.3) | 3490 (94.5) | 22,464 (97.3) |
Baby’s condition at L&D discharge | ||||||
Alive | 2895 (99.5) | 2302 (96.6) | 7171 (98.1) | 6606 (97.3) | 3490 (94.5) | 22,464 (97.3) |
Stillbirth | 11 (0.3) | 74 (3) | 126 (1.7) | 153 (2.2) | 186 (3) | 550 (2.2) |
Neonatal death | 1 (0) | 6 (0.3) | 4 (0.1) | 28 (0.4) | 19 (0.5) | 58 (0.3) |
Missing | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 15 (0.1) |
Baby number | ||||||
Single | 2864 (98.3) | 2296 (96.1) | 7185 (98) | 6561 (96.4) | 3336 (90) | 22,242 (96.1) |
Twin | 48 (1.6) | 86 (3.6) | 140 (1.9) | 242 (3.6) | 336 (9.1) | 852 (3.7) |
Triplets | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.3) | 3 (0) | 0 (0) | 33 (0.9) | 45 (0.2) |
Mode of birth | ||||||
Normal vertex delivery | 784 (26.7) | 1453 (59.1) | 5889 (79.1) | 6307 (91.8) | 1616 (42.9) | 16,049 (68.4) |
Vaginal breech/ Vacuum/ Forceps | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 351 (4.7) | 10 (0.1) | 10 (0.3) | 372 (1.6) |
Caesarean section | 2142 (73) | 996 (40.5) | 1163 (15.6) | 489 (7.1) | 2105 (55.9) | 6895 (29.4) |
Missing | 9 (0.3) | 10 (0.4) | 39 (0.5) | 63 (0.9) | 34 (0.9) | 155 (0.7) |
Birthweight | ||||||
Extremely LBW < 1000 g | 1 (0) | 7 (0.3) | 27 (0.4) | 13 (0.2) | 44 (1.2) | 92 (0.4) |
Very LBW 1000-1499 g | 1 (0) | 27 (1.2) | 38 (0.5) | 22 (0.3) | 159 (4.5) | 247 (1.1) |
LBW 1500-2499 g | 351 (12.2) | 437 (19.1) | 830 (11.4) | 466 (7.1) | 794 (22.2) | 2878 (12.7) |
All LBW < 2500 g (sum of above) | 353 (12.2) | 471 (20.6) | 895 (12.3) | 501 (7.6) | 997 (27.9) | 3217 (14.2) |
Not LBW ≥2500 g | 2528 (87.5) | 1804 (78.9) | 6274 (86.5) | 6051 (91.7) | 2549 (71.4) | 19,206 (85) |
Missing | 7 (0.2) | 11 (0.5) | 83 (1.1) | 46 (0.7) | 24 (0.7) | 171 (0.8) |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 1465 (50.4) | 1220 (51.3) | 3903 (53.6) | 3481 (51.5) | 1833 (50.2) | 11,902 (51.8) |
Female | 1441 (49.6) | 1154 (48.5) | 3369 (46.2) | 3265 (48.3) | 1813 (49.6) | 11,042 (48.1) |
Ambiguous | 1 (0) | 4 (0.2) | 13 (0.2) | 7 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 31 (0.1) |