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Table 2 Stress, depression, anxiety, satisfaction, self-efficacy and bonding mean scores for mothers in intervention and control group over time (mean; standard deviation), and p-values for group differences at T3 and T4

From: Effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention for expecting parents to prevent postpartum parenting stress, depression and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial

 

T0 (26–34 weeks pregnant)

T1 (34–36 weeks pregnant)

T3 (6 weeks after birth)

T4 (10 weeks after birth)

p-value*

T3

p- value*

T4

Primary outcome

Stress

 Intervention

32.97 (6.75)

32.91 (7.15)

39.03 (3.08)

32.42 (8.43)

.72

.22

 Control

33.01 (6.25)

32.73 (6.92)

38.59 (3.48)

30.59 (7.57)

Secondary outcomes

Depression

 Intervention

4.48 (3.08)

4.44 (3.60)

5.53 (4.02)

4.82 (4.20)

.86

.59

 Control

4.86 (3.83)

3.87 (2.60)

5.67 (4.40)

4.44 (3.34)

Anxiety

 Intervention

5.10 (2.10)

5.59 (2.29)

5.69 (2.53)

5.64 (2.77)

.47

.78

 Control

5.35 (2.14)

5.05 (1.93)

6.05 (2.83)

5.50 (2.56)

Satisfaction

 Intervention

38.39 (3.52)

38.82 (3.67)

32.84 (8.61)

39.40 (2.41)

.46

.71

 Control

38.32 (3.41)

38.93 (3.25)

32.31 (7.33)

39.21 (2.91)

Parental self-efficacy

 Intervention

3.94 (.52)

4.05 (.45)

3.88 (.65)

3.98 (.53)

.68

.99

 Control

3.87 (.54)

3.98 (.53) 3.83 (.70)

3.98 (.53)

Sleep quality

 Intervention

n/a

n/a

2.41 (.70)

2.58 (.74)

.15

.68

 Control

n/a

n/a

2.59 (.56)

2.73 (.61)

Sleep quantity

 Intervention

n/a

n/a

2.41 (.70)

2.58 (.74)

.70

.23

 Control

n/a

n/a

2.59 (.56)

2.73 (.61)

Parent-infant bonding

 Intervention

n/a

n/a

n/a

66.15 (6.02)

n/a

.83

 Control

n/a

n/a

n/a

66.55 (5.18)