Reference | Country | Regions | Years of recruitment | Mean (SD) maternal age (years) | Full term rate (%) | n | Mean (SD) GWG (kg) | GWG according to 2009 IOM guidelines | Mean (SD) BMI (kg/m2) | Prepregnancy BMI according to WHO classification criteria | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Below (%) | Above (%) | UW (%) | NW (%) | OW (%) | OB (%) | ||||||||||
Asefa et al. 2016 [28] | Ethiopia | Africa | 2014 | 2014 | 25.2 (5.01) | 82.78 | 411 | 8.96 (3.27) | 69.3 | 2.7 | 22.39 (3.84) | 9.5 | 72 | 14.6 | 3.9 |
Guo et al. 2015 [29] | China | Asia | 1992 | 1996 | 23.9 (2.1) | 92.8 | 100,612 | 11.7 (5) | 50.6 | 14.5 | 20.3 (2) | 16.5 | 81.2 | 2.3a | |
Abeysena et al. 2011 [30] | Sri Lanka | Asia | 2001 | 2002 | 26.4 (5.5) | NA | 481 | 10.6 (3.3) | 58.5 | 8.7 | NA | 30 | 51.7 | 16a | |
Munim et al. 2012 [31] | Pakistan | Asia | 2003 | 2007 | 28.2 (4.8) | 83.8 | 4735 | 8.5 (3.8) | 52.4 | 13.5 | NA | 3.1 | 46.5 | 28.3 | 22.1 |
Shi et al. 2014 [32] | China | Asia | 2006 | 2010 | 27.3 (4.2) | 100 | 26,896 | 14.7 (4.6) | 21.38 | 39.35 | 21 (2.9) | 18.7 | 71.5 | 8.9 | 0.9 |
Radhakrishnan et al. 2014 [33] | India | Asia | 2010 | 2011 | 27.3 (4.27) | 88.03 | 1462 | 10.51 (4.46) | 37.41 | 21.41 | NA | 7.18 | 47.06 | 34.54 | 11.22 |
Soltani et al. 2017 [34] | Indonesia | Asia | 2010 | 2010 | 28.5 (5.6) | NA | 607 | 10.2 (6) | 56.14 | 11.72 | 21.3 (3.5) | 20.1 | 65.3 | 13.5 | 1.1 |
Li et al. 2015 [35] | China | Asia | 2011 | 2011 | 27.38 (4.46) | 100 | 48,867 | 14.47 (4.98) | 25 | 38.2 | NA | 13.15 | 76.45 | 9.2 | 1.2 |
Abbasalizad et al. 2016 [36] | Azerbaijan | Asia | 2012 | 2013 | 27.15 (5.64) | NA | 481 | 8.99 (5.87) | 49.06 | 23.28 | NA | 2.5 | 41.16 | 39.92 | 16.42 |
Papazian et al. 2017 [37] | Lebanon | Asia | 2012 | 2013 | 31.5 (4.4) | 100 | 978 | 12.7 (6) | 31.27 | 25.28 | 23 (3.8) | 6.5 | 67.8 | 17.9 | 5.6 |
Kheirouri et al. 2017 [38] | Iran | Asia | 2012 | 2014 | NA | NA | 717 | 10.5 (NA) | 29.43 | 24.41 | NA | 3.9 | 44.35 | 35.15 | 16.6 |
Enomoto et al. 2016 [39] | Japan | Asia | 2013 | 2013 | 31.8 (5.38) | 89.27 | 97,157 | 9.97 (3.98) | 63.82 | 7.07 | 19.64 (1.27) | 18.24 | 71.15 | 7.72 | 28.87 |
Liu et al. 2015 [40] | China | Asia | 2013 | 2014 | NA | 92.5 | 2973 | 13.72 (1.84) | 13.6 | 53.8 | 22.29 (3.28) | 8.5 | 72.4 | 19.1 | 0 |
Thapa et al. 2017 [41] | Nepal | Asia | 2017 | 2017 | 26.15 (4.54) | 100 | 227 | 10.21 (4.18) | 42.7 | 15 | NA | 5.7 | 57.26 | 27.75 | 9.25 |
Mourtakos et al. 2017 [42] | Greece | Europe | 1988 | 2000 | 27.84 (5.5) | 100 | 5125 | 14.3 (7) | 31.5 | 34.4 | NA | 3.8 | 78.9 | 14.8 | 2.5 |
Waters et al. 2012 [43] | UK | Europe | 1990 | 2009 | 27.97 (5.81) | NA | 439 | 12.21 (4.35) | 19.8 | 48.3 | 28.12 (7.88) | 44 | 22.3 | 33.7 | 0 |
Beyerlein et al. 2012 [44] | Germany | Europe | 1996 | 2001 | 28.6 (4.8) | NA | 6783 | 14.3 (6.1) | 27.4 | 37 | 22.6 (3.8) | 6.9 | 74.6 | 13.5 | 5 |
Ferrari et al. 2014 [5] | Germany | Europe | 2000 | 2012 | 32.5 (5.4) | NA | 11,678 | 13.3 (5.6) | 27.4 | 36 | 24 (5) | 5 | 65.8 | 19.1 | 10.2 |
Jacota et al. 2017 [45] | France | Europe | 2003 | 2006 | 29.9 (4.5) | NA | 1045 | 13.3 (4.9) | 24.4 | 31.2 | 23.4 (4.6) | 7.9 | 64.7 | 18 | 9.3 |
Henriksson et al. 2015 [46] | Sweden | Europe | 2007 | 2010 | 31 (4) | 100 | 312 | 15 (5) | 18.3 | 45.2 | 23.1 (3.3) | 1.9 | 75.3 | 17.6 | 5.1 |
Walsh et al. 2014 [47] | Ireland | Europe | 2007 | 2011 | 31.81 (4.18) | 100 | 621 | 12.19 (3.73) | 5.9 | 43 | 27.09 (4.95) | 0.3 | 41.1 | 38 | 20.6 |
Kinnunen et al. 2016 [48] | Norway | Europe | 2008 | 2010 | 29.89 (4.53) | NA | 623 | 13.64 (5.97) | 25.2 | 42.22 | 24.46 (4.64) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Chmitorz et al. 2012 [49] | Germany | Europe | 2009 | 2011 | 29 (4.55) | 100 | 9824 | 15 (4.55) | 17.68 | 47.1 | 23.5 (2.05) | 4.7 | 69.64 | 18.19 | 7.49 |
Popa et al. 2014 [50] | Romania | Europe | 2010 | 2010 | 27.53 (NA) | NA | 400 | 14.24 (6.54) | 22.7 | 35 | 22.31 (3.79) | 11.8 | 66.6 | 17 | 4.6 |
Przybyłowicz et al. 2014 [51] | Polond | Europe | 2010 | 2012 | 28.1 (NA) | 100 | 510 | 15.4 (5.8) | 16.6 | 47.4 | 22.4 (3.9) | 10.6 | 70.9 | 18.5a | |
Diemert et al. 2016 [52] | Germany | Europe | 2011 | 2013 | 31 (3.5) | 100 | 197 | 11.2 (3.9) | 38 | 22 | 24.7 (4.6) | 4 | 43 | 49 | 13 |
Heery et al. 2015 [53] | Ireland | Europe | 2011 | 2011 | 31 (NA) | NA | 799 | 15.54 (NA) | 10 | 62.5 | 23.9 (5.82) | 4.4 | 64.7 | 20.5 | 10.4 |
Vila-Candel et al. 2015 [54] | Spain | Europe | 2011 | 2012 | NA | 100 | 140 | 14.63 (4.59) | 16.4 | 45 | 21.92 (1.41) | 7.14 | 67.86 | 21.43 | 3.57 |
Logan et al. 2017 [55] | Germany | Europe | 2012 | 2013 | 32.5 (1.03) | 100 | 949 | 14.65 (1.14) | 16.1 | 48.5 | NA | 2.9 | 62.7 | 22.2 | 12.2 |
Özdek et al. 2015 [56] | Turkey | Europe | 2012 | 2013 | NA | 100 | 208 | 11.81 (3.77) | 20.7 | 38.9 | 28.12 (NA) | 9.1 | 61.5 | 20.7 | 8.7 |
Cinelli et al. 2016 [57] | Italy | Europe | 2013 | 2015 | 33 (1.33) | NA | 435 | 13 (1) | 28.5 | 33.1 | 21.9 (0.77) | 6.4 | 71 | 15 | 7.6 |
Maier et al. 2016 [58] | Germany | Europe | 2014 | 2014 | NA | NA | 591 | 14.03 (5.7) | 19 | 44 | NA | 8 | 62.1 | 17.94 | 11.67 |
Ramón-Arbués et al. 2017 [59] | Spain | Europe | 2014 | 2014 | 30.75 (4.29) | 100 | 301 | 14.02 (2.33) | 8.3 | 8.3 | 23.38 (3.92) | 8.97 | 61.46 | 19.93 | 9.6 |
Tulmaç et al. 2018 [60] | Turkey | Europe | 2015 | 2016 | NA | 100 | 163 | 11.86 (7.23) | 16.6 | 60.7 | 25.47 (5.05) | 3.68 | 50.3 | 26.99 | 19.02 |
Margerison et al. 2010 [61] | USA | North America | 1972 | 2000 | 26.1 (5.5) | NA | 4496 | 14.2 (6.9) | 29.7 | 39.9 | NA | 7 | 69 | 16 | 8 |
Widen et al. 2015 [62] | USA | North America | 1991 | 1993 | 26.4 (4.7) | 100 | 156 | 15.6 (6.6) | 16 | 56 | 24.5 (4.9) | 3.9 | 60.3 | 23.7 | 12.2 |
Wander et al. 2015 [63] | USA | North America | 1996 | 2008 | 32.6 (4.6) | 100 | 3621 | 16.2 (5.7) | 14 | 54 | 23.7 (5.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Larouche et al. 2010 [64] | Canada | North America | 1998 | 2007 | 32.29 (4.76) | NA | 960 | 16.56 (5.4) | 9.3 | 64.6 | 24.6 (4.78) | 2.9 | 59.4 | 25.2 | 12.5 |
Badon et al. 2014 [65] | USA/Canada | North America | 2000 | 2006 | 30.4 (5.67) | 100 | 5297 | 15.7 (6.39) | 11.6 | 56.5 | 25 (5.37) | 3.4 | 56.9 | 25 | 14.8 |
Deierlein et al. 2011 [66] | USA | North America | 2001 | 2005 | NA | 100 | 361 | 16 (5.4) | 13.07 | 56.82 | 24.2 (5.6) | 5.93 | 65.25 | 16.38 | 12.43 |
Polinski et al. 2017 [67] | USA | North America | 2001 | 2001 | NA | 85 | 6450 | 12.9 (0.1) | 30.2 | 43.6 | 24.09 (0.05) | 4.1 | 55.4 | 25.3 | 15.2 |
Ferraro et al. 2012 [68] | Canada | North America | 2002 | 2009 | 30 (5.1) | NA | 4321 | 16.13 (6.76) | 13.1 | 57.63 | 25 (5.6) | 3.9 | 56.2 | 23.7 | 16.2 |
Davis et al. 2014 [69] | USA | North America | 2004 | 2008 | NA | 78.66 | 159,244 | 13.21 (NA) | 24.96 | 40.78 | 25.51 (NA) | 5.72 | 51.78 | 23.04 | 19.45 |
Fontaine et al. 2012 [70] | USA | North America | 2004 | 2007 | 28.1 (5.3) | 100 | 2760 | 13.2 (2.8) | 18.91 | 48.26 | NA | 2.03 | 43.3 | 28.3 | 26.3 |
Park et al. 2011 [71] | USA | North America | 2004 | 2007 | NA | 100 | 570,672 | 15.72 (6.94) | 20.2 | 51.2 | NA | 4.9 | 53.5 | 23.8 | 17.8 |
Fuemmeler et al. 2016 [72] | USA | North America | 2005 | 2011 | 27.96 (6.05) | 89 | 734 | 14.26 (8.21) | 22 | 56 | NA | 5 | 37 | 24 | 34 |
Gawade et al. 2011 [73] | USA | North America | 2005 | 2008 | 27.38 (6.45) | 100 | 2495 | 15.05 (7.34) | 19.1 | 53.67 | 27.04 (6.4) | 3.1 | 41.5 | 27.4 | 28 |
Kowal et al. 2011 [74] | Canada | North America | 2005 | 2006 | NA | NA | 74,523 | 15.8 (2.71) | 18.7 | 48.7 | NA | 6.1 | 59.4 | 21 | 13.5 |
Gallagher et al. 2014 [75] | USA | North America | 2006 | 2011 | 23.9 (4.77) | NA | 445 | 16.1 (6.2) | 12 | 55 | 24.6 (5.3) | 7.2 | 55 | 23 | 15 |
Simas et al. 2012 [76] | USA | North America | 2006 | 2010 | 29 (6.1) | 95.5 | 11,203 | 12.66 (3.38) | 17.04 | 57.2 | 23.51 (1.7) | 3.8 | 50.9 | 24.6 | 20.6 |
Pawlak et al. 2015 [77] | USA | North America | 2007 | 2010 | 27.9 (6.1) | 100 | 230,698 | 13.74 (6.53) | 23.11 | 47.73 | 25.4 (5.7) | 4.3 | 53.4 | 24.6 | 17.7 |
Ashley-Martin et al. 2016 [78] | Canada | North America | 2008 | 2011 | 33 (5.17) | NA | 1613 | 15.2 (8.05) | 17.8 | 56.5 | NA | 2.7 | 61.6 | 21.6 | 14.1 |
Kominiarek et al. 2017 [79] | USA | North America | 2009 | 2015 | 23.6 (5.2) | 93.78 | 6351 | 13.15 (2.62) | 24.3 | 49.9 | 26.77 (6.32) | 4.22 | 41.82 | 27.95 | 26.01 |
Subhan et al. 2017 [80] | Canada | North America | 2009 | 2012 | NA | 100 | 513 | 12.43 (1.99) | 10.14 | 49.9 | NA | 3 | 65 | 19 | 12 |
Starling et al. 2015 [81] | USA | North America | 2010 | 2013 | NA | 100 | 826 | 14.3 (6.6) | 21 | 51 | 25.8 (NA) | 3 | 52 | 25 | 20 |
Mamun et al. 2011 [82] | Australia | Oceania | 1981 | 1983 | 25 (5.07) | 96 | 6632 | 14.8 (5.2) | 25 | 36 | NA | 9.9 | 74.3 | 11.7 | 4.2 |
Blumfield et al. 2015 [83] | Australia | Oceania | 2006 | 2007 | 29 (5.6) | NA | 134 | 13.3 (7) | 26.87 | 40.3 | NA | 4.5 | 53 | 23.9 | 18.7 |
de Jersey et al. 2012 [84] | Australia | Oceania | 2010 | 2011 | 29.9 (5.1) | 100 | 569 | 13.4 (6.6) | 26 | 38 | 24.3 (5.2) | 5.8 | 60.1 | 21.8 | 11.42 |
Hartley et al. 2016 [85] | Australia | Oceania | 2011 | 2011 | 32.3 (4.8) | NA | 256 | 13.65 (5.77) | 20.31 | 41.4 | 25.66 (5.97) | 3.9 | 53.9 | 24.2 | 18 |
Castillo et al. 2016 [86] | Brazil | South America | 2004 | 2004 | 26.1 (6.8) | NA | 3757 | 12.4 (6.1) | 30.4 | 33.2 | 24.2 (4.67) | 4.8 | 60.9 | 23.3 | 10.9 |
Drehmer et al. 2010 [87] | Brazil | South America | 2006 | 2007 | 25 (6.4) | NA | 667 | 13.9 (6.5) | 25.79 | 44.83 | 24.25 (4.7) | 3.9 | 62.1 | 22.2 | 11.8 |
Paulino et al. 2016 [88] | Brazil | South America | 2013 | 2014 | 26.69 (5.01) | 100 | 290 | 11.38 (5.56) | 32.07 | 31.38 | NA | 4.6 | 54.6 | 26.2 | 14.6 |
Garmendia et al. 2017 [89] | Chile | South America | 2014 | 2015 | 25.8 (6.2) | 100 | 1654 | 12.9 (6.2) | 23.9 | 43.6 | 26.7 (5.3) | 2.2 | 41.3 | 33.8 | 23.6 |