Table 5 The relationship between pregnant women’s characteristic and subjective norms towards male involvement
Variables | Negative subjective norms | Positive subjective norms | X2 | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percent (%) | Frequency | Percent (%) | |||
Group | ||||||
Intervention | 107 | 19.6 | 75 | 13.7 | ||
Control | 202 | 37 | 162 | 29.7 | 0.537 | 0.464 |
Age group | ||||||
Less than 20 | 57 | 10.40 | 44 | 8.10 | ||
21 to 25 | 93 | 17.00 | 61 | 11.20 | ||
26 to 30 | 60 | 11.00 | 53 | 9.70 | 4.598 | 0.331 |
31 to 35 | 36 | 6.60 | 39 | 7.10 | ||
36+ | 63 | 11.50 | 40 | 7.30 | ||
Age at marriage | ||||||
Less than 18 | 154 | 28.20 | 80 | 14.70 | ||
19 to 24 | 128 | 23.40 | 120 | 22.00 | 16.006 | < 0.001 |
25 = + | 27 | 4.90 | 37 | 6.80 | ||
Education status | ||||||
No formal | 128 | 23.40 | 66 | 12.10 | ||
Primary school | 169 | 31.00 | 155 | 28.40 | 11.7 | 0.003 |
Secondary school or higher | 12 | 2.20 | 16 | 2.90 | ||
Ethnic group | ||||||
Fipa | 195 | 35.70 | 144 | 26.40 | ||
Mambwe | 44 | 8.10 | 68 | 12.50 | 25.073 | < 0.001 |
Others | 70 | 12.80 | 25 | 237 | ||
Economic status | ||||||
Less than one dollar per day | 227 | 41.60 | 158 | 28.90 | ||
At least one | 82 | 15.00 | 79 | 14.50 | 2.979 | 0.084 |
Own mobile phone | ||||||
Yes | 77 | 14.10 | 91 | 16.70 | ||
No | 232 | 42.50 | 146 | 26.70 | 11.437 | 0.001 |
Would you like to accompany your partner to childbirth? | ||||||
No | 103 | 18.90 | 40 | 7.30 | ||
Yes | 206 | 37.70 | 197 | 36.10 | 18.788 | < 0.001 |