From: Dimensions of women’s empowerment on access to skilled delivery services in Nepal
Urban (n = 2456) | Rural (n = 1944) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P value | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P value |
Women’s empowerment | ||||||
Socio-cultural empowerment | ||||||
Highest educational level | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
No education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 1.34 (0.87 to 2.05) | 1.24 (0.83 to 1.87) | 1.70 (1.19 to 2.43) | 1.61 (1.11 to 2.31) | ||
Secondary | 2.24 (1.59 to 3.16) | 1.70 (1.23 to 2.36) | 3.27 (2.35 to 4.55) | 2.51 (1.79 to 3.53) | ||
Higher | 4.89 (3.26 to 7.32) | 2.42 (1.59 to 3.67) | 4.65 (2.92 to 7.40) | 2.47 (1.49 to 4.04) | ||
Attitude towards wife beating | 0.728 | 0.048 | ||||
Negative attitude | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Positive attitude | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.20) | 1.04 (0.82 to 1.33) | 0.66 (0.50 to 0.89) | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) | ||
Knowledge of property | 0.929 | 0.713 | ||||
Unknown | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Known | 0.99 (0.63 to 1.55) | 0.98 (0.59 to 1.61) | 0.84 (0.55 to 1.29) | 0.92 (0.57 to 1.47) | ||
Economic Empowerment | ||||||
Occupation of Women | 0.000 | 0.142 | ||||
Not working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Agriculture | 0.50 (0.37 to 0.68) | 0.60 (0.46 to 0.79) | 0.86 (0.63 to 1.16) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00) | ||
Other occupations | 1.41 (0.99 to 2.01) | 1.12 (0.78 to 1.60) | 1.44 (0.93 to 2.25) | 0.92 (0.62 to 1.39) | ||
Property possession | 0.281 | 0.097 | ||||
Not owned | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Owned | 1.75 (1.23 to 2.50) | 1.27 (0.82 to 1.95) | 1.58 (1.07 to 2.36) | 1.43 (0.94 to 2.19) | ||
Owns bank account | 0.764 | 0.004 | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.50 (1.17 to 1.92) | 1.04 (0.81 to 1.33) | 2.05 (1.53 to 2.77) | 1.59 (1.17 to 2.16) | ||
Empowerment on media/information technology | ||||||
Media exposure | 0.156 | 0.013 | ||||
No access | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Medium access | 1.93 (1.43 to 2.60) | 1.32 (0.96 to 1.82) | 1.94 (1.51 to 2.51) | 1.33 (1.04 to 1.71) | ||
High access | 3.10 (2.15 to 4.45 | 1.39 (0.94 to 2.03) | 3.86 (2.47 to 6.02) | 1.92 (1.18 to 3.11) | ||
Internet use | 0.000 | 0.001 | ||||
Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 3.35 (2.62 to 4.29) | 2.02 (1.53 to 2.68) | 3.44 (2.43 to 4.88) | 1.88 (1.30 to 2.72) | ||
Familial/interpersonal Empowerment | ||||||
Decision making power | 0.371 | 0.655 | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
High | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.41) | 0.91 (0.74 to 1.12) | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.37) | 0.95 (0.75 to 1.20) |