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Table 3 Crude and adjusted Odds Ratios of skilled birth attendance using a logistic regression with complex sampling analysis (n = 4400)

From: Dimensions of women’s empowerment on access to skilled delivery services in Nepal

Variables

Crude OR (95%CI)

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

P value

Confounding factors

Age

  

0.024

 Below 25

1

1

 

 26 to 30 years

0.77 (0.63 to 0.94)

0.96 (0.73 to 1.26)

 

 31 and above

0.73 (0.59 to 0.90)

1.49 (1.09 to 2.03)

 

Ethnicity

  

0.087

Other Caste

1

1

 

 Dalit

0.81 (0.57 to 1.13)

0.87 (0.59 to 1.28)

 

 Janajati

0.04 (0.76 to 1.41)

0.71 (0.52 to 0.97)

 

 Brhamin and Kshetri

1.37 (1.00 to 1.88)

0.90 (0.63 to 1.27)

 

Type of place of residence

  

0.012

 Urban

1

1

 

 Rural

0.50 (0.38 to 0.67)

0.70 (0.53 to 0.92)

 

Ecological zone

  

0.099

 Mountain

1

1

 

 Hill

1.70 (0.94 to 3.06)

1.05 (0.63 to 1.77)

 

 Terai

1.77 (1.00 to 3.11)

1.47 (0.87 to 2.47)

 

Birth order

  

0.000

 1

1

1

 

 2–3

0.50 (0.43 to 0.57)

0.55 (0.46 to 0.66)

 

 4–5

0.22 (0.17 to 0.28)

0.29 (0.21 to 0.40)

 

 6+

0.24 (0.15 to 0.37)

0.36 (0.21 to 0.61)

 

Women’s empowerment

Socio-cultural empowerment

Highest educational level

  

0.000

 No education

1

1

 

 Primary

1.54 (1.19 to 2.01)

1.33 (1.00 to 1.77)

 

 Secondary

2.85 (2.23 to 3.64)

1.78 (1.39 to 2.28)

 

 Higher

5.70 (4.19 to 7.74)

2.08 (1.49 to 2.88)

 

Attitude towards wife beating

  

0.167

 Negative attitude

1

1

 

 positive attitude

0.78 (0.64 to 0.94)

0.87 (0.71 to 1.06)

 

Knowledge of property

  

0.712

 Unknown

1

1

 

 Known

0.94 (0.69 to 1.27)

0.94 (0.65 to 1.34)

 

Economic Empowerment

Occupation of Women

  

0.016

 Not working

1

1

 

 Agriculture

0.63 (0.51 to 0.77)

0.78 (0.62 to 0.97)

 

 Other occupations

1.57 (1.21 to 2.05)

1.16 (0.87 to 1.54)

 

Property possession

  

0.105

 Not owned

1

1

 

 Owned

1.83 (1.41 to 2.37)

1.30 (0.95 to 1.78)

 

Ows bank account

  

0.002

 No

1

1

 

 Yes

1.83 (1.51 to 2.21)

1.38 (1.13 to 1.69)

 

Empowerment on media/information technology

Media exposure

  

0.002

 No access

1

1

 

 Medium access

2.08 (1.71 to 2.54)

1.38 (1.13 to 1.69)

 

 High access

3.76 (2.85 to 4.97)

1.56 (1.15 to 2.12)

 

Internet use

  

0.000

 Never

1

1

 

 Sometimes

3.78 (3.04 to 4.96)

1.77 (1.42 to 2.21)

 

Familial/interpersonal Empowerment

Decision making power

  

0.431

 Low

1

1

 

 High

1.21 (1.04 to 1.41)

1.06 (0.91 to 1.23)