From: Dimensions of women’s empowerment on access to skilled delivery services in Nepal
Variables | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Confounding factors | |||
Age | 0.024 | ||
Below 25 | 1 | 1 | |
26 to 30 years | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.94) | 0.96 (0.73 to 1.26) | |
31 and above | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.90) | 1.49 (1.09 to 2.03) | |
Ethnicity | 0.087 | ||
Other Caste | 1 | 1 | |
Dalit | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.13) | 0.87 (0.59 to 1.28) | |
Janajati | 0.04 (0.76 to 1.41) | 0.71 (0.52 to 0.97) | |
Brhamin and Kshetri | 1.37 (1.00 to 1.88) | 0.90 (0.63 to 1.27) | |
Type of place of residence | 0.012 | ||
Urban | 1 | 1 | |
Rural | 0.50 (0.38 to 0.67) | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.92) | |
Ecological zone | 0.099 | ||
Mountain | 1 | 1 | |
Hill | 1.70 (0.94 to 3.06) | 1.05 (0.63 to 1.77) | |
Terai | 1.77 (1.00 to 3.11) | 1.47 (0.87 to 2.47) | |
Birth order | 0.000 | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | |
2–3 | 0.50 (0.43 to 0.57) | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.66) | |
4–5 | 0.22 (0.17 to 0.28) | 0.29 (0.21 to 0.40) | |
6+ | 0.24 (0.15 to 0.37) | 0.36 (0.21 to 0.61) | |
Women’s empowerment | |||
Socio-cultural empowerment | |||
Highest educational level | 0.000 | ||
No education | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 1.54 (1.19 to 2.01) | 1.33 (1.00 to 1.77) | |
Secondary | 2.85 (2.23 to 3.64) | 1.78 (1.39 to 2.28) | |
Higher | 5.70 (4.19 to 7.74) | 2.08 (1.49 to 2.88) | |
Attitude towards wife beating | 0.167 | ||
Negative attitude | 1 | 1 | |
positive attitude | 0.78 (0.64 to 0.94) | 0.87 (0.71 to 1.06) | |
Knowledge of property | 0.712 | ||
Unknown | 1 | 1 | |
Known | 0.94 (0.69 to 1.27) | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.34) | |
Economic Empowerment | |||
Occupation of Women | 0.016 | ||
Not working | 1 | 1 | |
Agriculture | 0.63 (0.51 to 0.77) | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.97) | |
Other occupations | 1.57 (1.21 to 2.05) | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.54) | |
Property possession | 0.105 | ||
Not owned | 1 | 1 | |
Owned | 1.83 (1.41 to 2.37) | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.78) | |
Ows bank account | 0.002 | ||
No | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 1.83 (1.51 to 2.21) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.69) | |
Empowerment on media/information technology | |||
Media exposure | 0.002 | ||
No access | 1 | 1 | |
Medium access | 2.08 (1.71 to 2.54) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.69) | |
High access | 3.76 (2.85 to 4.97) | 1.56 (1.15 to 2.12) | |
Internet use | 0.000 | ||
Never | 1 | 1 | |
Sometimes | 3.78 (3.04 to 4.96) | 1.77 (1.42 to 2.21) | |
Familial/interpersonal Empowerment | |||
Decision making power | 0.431 | ||
Low | 1 | 1 | |
High | 1.21 (1.04 to 1.41) | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.23) |