From: Risk score for predicting primary cesarean delivery in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Characteristic | Development cohort (n = 385) | P | Validation cohort (n = 448) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary CD (Yes) | Primary CD (No) | Primary CD (Yes) | Primary CD (No) | |||
Number of women | 130 | 255 | 178 | 270 | ||
Age (years), median (IQR) | 31.5 (27.0–35.0) | 31.0 (27.0–36.0) | 0.766 | 33.0 (28.0–36.0) | 31.0 (27.0–35.0) | 0.093 |
Age (years), n (%) | 0.372 | 0.054 | ||||
< 35 | 92 (70.8) | 169 (66.3) | 109 (61.2) | 189 (70.0) | ||
≥ 35 | 38 (29.2) | 86 (33.7) | 69 (38.8) | 81 (30.0) | ||
Parity, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Multiparity | 45 (34.6) | 180 (70.6) | 57 (32.0) | 179 (66.3) | ||
Nulliparity | 85 (65.4) | 75 (29.4) | 121 (68.0) | 91 (33.7) | ||
Prepregnancy BMI category (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.301 | 0.478 | ||||
Normal | 74 (56.9) | 150 (58.8) | 83 (46.6) | 139 (51.5) | ||
Underweight | 7 (5.4) | 26 (10.2) | 18 (10.1) | 31 (11.5) | ||
Overweight | 33 (25.4) | 51 (20.0) | 51 (28.7) | 60 (22.2) | ||
Obese | 16 (12.3) | 28 (11.0) | 26 (14.6) | 40 (14.8) | ||
Gestational weight gain, n (%) | 0.003 | < 0.001 | ||||
Within/below IOM recommendations | 78 (60.0) | 190 (74.5) | 105 (59.0) | 214 (79.3) | ||
Above IOM recommendations | 52 (40.0) | 65 (25.5) | 73 (41.0) | 56 (20.7) | ||
History of diabetes in a first-degree relative, n (%) | 0.271 | 0.992 | ||||
No | 90 (69.2) | 190 (74.5) | 126 (70.8) | 191 (71.7) | ||
Yes | 40 (30.8) | 65 (25.5) | 52 (29.2) | 79 (29.3) | ||
Insulin use, n (%) | 0.044 | 0.045 | ||||
No | 108 (83.1) | 230 (90.2) | 148 (83.1) | 242 (89.6) | ||
Yes | 22 (16.9) | 25 (9.8) | 30 (16.9) | 28 (10.4) | ||
Type of insulin, n (%) | ||||||
Rapid-acting insulin | 3 (2.3) | 3 (1.2) | 0.397 | 5 (2.8) | 2 (0.7) | 0.084 |
Short-acting insulin | 8 (6.2) | 7 (2.7) | 0.102 | 6 (3.4) | 3 (1.1) | 0.095 |
Intermediate-acting insulin | 8 (6.2) | 2 (0.8) | 0.002 | 6 (3.4) | 10 (3.7) | 0.853 |
Premixed insulin | 11 (8.5) | 19 (7.5) | 0.726 | 17 (9.6) | 20 (7.4) | 0.420 |
Units of insulin used in pregnancy, median (IQR) | 545 (256–1641) | 456 (271–1622) | 1.000 | 1029 (287–1747) | 984 (387–2221) | 0.785 |
Indication for primary CD, n (%) | ||||||
Elective CD due to an estimated large fetus | 31 (23.8) | – | – | 57 (32.0) | – | – |
Emergency CD due to labor dystocia | 91 (70.0) | – | – | 112 (62.9) | – | – |
Emergency CD due to abnormal FHR tracing | 8 (6.2) | – | – | 9 (5.1) | – | – |
Neonatal birth weight (g), median (IQR) | 3582 (3356–3882) | 3108 (2845–3374) | < 0.001 | 3647 (3449–3880) | 3062 (2821–3346) | < 0.001 |