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Table 3 Mortality risk by essential element, unadjusted and adjusteda

From: Coverage of the WHO’s four essential elements of newborn care and their association with neonatal survival in southern Nepal

Indicator

n

Died, n

Mortality Rate

HR

95% CI

aHR

95% CI

Immediate and thorough drying

   

1.11

(0.95, 1.29)

1.09

(0.93, 1.27)

 Received

10,914

295

27.0 per 1000 live births

    

 Did not receive

15,954

390

24.4 per 1000 live births

    

Skin to skin contact

   

0.78*

(0.64, 0.95)

0.64**

(0.51, 0.81)

 Received

5324

113

21.2 per 1000 live births

    

 Did not receive

21,980

596

27.1 per 1000 live births

    

Delayed cord clamping

   

1.05

(0.90, 1.23)

0.87

(0.66, 1.14)

 Received

18,252

425

23.3 per 1000 live births

    

 Did not receive

8530

247

29.0 per 1000 live births

    

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding

   

0.68**

(0.56, 0.82)

0.72**

(0.60, 0.87)

 Received

8459

139

16.4 per 1000 live births

    

 Did not receive

19,624

614

31.3 per 1000 live births

    
  1. *p < 0.05
  2. **p < 0.01
  3. acovariates (PTB, sex of infant, mother’s literacy, SES, parity and place of delivery)