From: Stillbirths including intrapartum timing: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study
 | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Nepal | Tanzania | Tanzania | All sites |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azimpur Tertiary | Kushtia District | Pokhara Regional | Temeke Regional | Muhimbili National | Pooled (random effects) | |
A) All modes of birth | ||||||
 Observed stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births, 95%CI) | 3.8 (2.0,7.0) | 31.1 (24.6,39.1) | 17.3 (14.5,20.6) | 22.5 (19.2,26.4) | 50.3 (43.6,58) | 22.3 (10.8,37.9) |
 Register recorded stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births, 95%CI) | 2.7 (1.1,6.2) | 25 (18.9,32.9) | 15.6 (12.8,18.9) | 19.2 (16.1,22.9) | 43 (36.7,50.2) | 18.8 (9.2,31.8) |
 No birth outcome recorded % | 0.04 (0,0.29) | 9.04 (7.86,10.38) | 1.11 (0.88,1.39) | 0.26 (0.16,0.42) | 1.56 (1.19,2.03) | 1.49 (0.22,3.86) |
 Register birth outcome not readable % | 0.04 (0,0.29) | 0 (0,0.23) | 0.01 (0,0.09) | 0.02 (0,0.10) | 0.05 (0.01,0.22) | 0.03 (0.01,0.06) |
 Sensitivity % (95% CI) | * | 83.3 (71.5,91.7) | 86.1 (78.4,91.8) | 77.6 (69.9,84) | 77.7 (70.8,83.5) | 80.3 (76.5,83.8) |
 Specificity % (95% CI) | * | 99.9 (99.6100) | 99.9 (99.8,99.9) | 99.8 (99.7,99.9) | 99.5 (99.2,99.7) | 99.8 (99.7,99.9) |
 Percent agreement | 99.9 | 99.4 | 99.7 | 99.3 | 98.4 | 99.4 (98.9,99.8) |
B) Vaginal births | ||||||
 Observed stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births, 95%CI) | 13 (6.6,24.6) | 36.7 (27.7,48.4) | 17.8 (14.7,21.5) | 21.3 (17.9,25.2) | 73.5 (61.4,87.7) | 29.7 (16.3,47.0) |
 Register recorded stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births, 95%CI) | 8.9 (3.3,21.8) | 30.6 (21.9,42.3) | 17.1 (14.1,20.8) | 18.5 (15.4,22.3) | 65.1 (53.7,78.7) | 25.7 (13.9,41.0) |
 No birth outcome recorded % | 0 (0,0.84) | 6.19 (4.93,7.74) | 0.28 (0.17,0.46) | 0.23 (0.13,0.4) | 0.76 (0.41,1.36) | 0.86 (0.11,2.29) |
 Register birth outcome not readable % | 0 (0,0.84) | 0 (0,0.39) | 0 (0,0.08) | 0.02 (0,0.11) | 0 (0,0.3) | 0.01 (0.00,0.04) |
 Sensitivity % (95% CI) | * | 89.7 (75.8,97.1) | 88.8 (81.2,94.1) | 79.2 (71.2,85.8) | 83.2 (75,89.6) | 84.6 (79.8,88.9) |
 Specificity % (95% CI) | * | 99.8 (99.4100) | 99.9 (99.7,99.9) | 99.8 (99.7,99.9) | 99.4 (98.8,99.7) | 99.8 (99.6,99.9) |
 Percent agreement | 100 | 99.5 | 99.7 | 99.4 | 98.2 | 99.4 (99.0,99.8) |
C) Caesarean births | ||||||
 Observed stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births, 95%CI) | 0.5 (0,3) | 23.1 (15.1,35.1) | 12.2 (6.8,21.4) | 35.1 (21.2,56.8) | 28.7 (22.1,37) | 16.8 (4.2,37.5) |
 Register recorded stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births, 95%CI) | 0.6 (0,3.9) | 17.3 (10.1,29) | 4.6 (1.5,12.7) | 28 (15.6,48.7) | 24.7 (18.6,32.6) | 12.5 (2.9,28.5) |
 No birth outcome recorded % | 0.06 (0,0.39) | 13.02 (10.89,15.48) | 6.83 (5.28,8.77) | 0.65 (0.17,2.04) | 2.18 (1.61,2.93) | 3.20 (0.39,8.55) |
 Register birth outcome not readable % | 0.06 (0,0.39) | 0 (0,0.55) | 0.12 (0.01,0.75) | 0 (0,1.02) | 0.1 (0.02,0.39) | 0.09 (0.02,0.18) |
 Sensitivity % (95% CI) | * | 71.4 (47.8,88.7) | * | 73.3 (44.9,92.2) | 73.7 (60.3,84.5) | 71.3 (62.1,79.7) |
 Specificity % (95% CI) | * | 100 (99.6,100) | * | 99.6 (98.4,99.9) | 99.6 (99.2,99.8) | 99.8 (99.6,100.0) |
 Percent agreement | 99.9 | 99.3 | 99.8 | 98.7 | 98.8 | 99.4 (98.8,99.8) |