Using propensity scores to estimate the effectiveness of maternal and newborn interventions to reduce neonatal mortality in Nigeria

Table 4 Unweighted and propensity score weighted associations between MNCH interventions and neonatal mortality from infectious causes (diarrhea, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, or tetanus). Both unweighted and inverse probability of treatment weighted relative risks are adjusted for demographic factors and remaining interventions, excluding those measured only in home deliveries marked with an asterisk, using Poisson regression

Intervention	Adjusted and Unweighted			Adjusted and Weighted
Intervention	Estimated RR	95% CI Estimated RR	p	Estimated RR	95% CI Estimated RR	p
*Resources*
Mother is primary decision maker	0.36	(0.09, 1.50)	0.159	0.29	(0.09, 0.88)	0.030
Distance is not a problem for mother’s health care	0.68	(0.46, 1.01)	0.054	0.69	(0.44, 1.09)	0.111
*Interventions delivered in the antenatal period*
Iron/folate during pregnancy	0.76	(0.40, 1.45)	0.409	0.82	(0.34, 1.97)	0.662
Any Malaria preventive therapy during pregnancy	1.27	(0.78, 2.08)	0.343	1.53	(0.89, 2.64)	0.124
*Interventions delivered in the postnatal period*
Dry cord care (nothing on cord) ^a	0.89	(0.57, 1.40)	0.623	0.89	(0.55, 1.42)	0.612
Neonate dried after birth^a	1.36	(0.81, 2.27)	0.247	1.44	(0.86, 2.40)	0.168
Skin-to-skin contact after birth^a	0.65	(0.27, 1.55)	0.331	0.66	(0.37, 1.18)	0.159
Early breastfeeding (within one hour)	0.75	(0.51, 1.09)	0.133	0.71	(0.49, 1.03)	0.075
Delayed bathing 24 h or more^a	0.76	(0.26, 2.19)	0.610	0.82	(0.40, 1.70)	0.599
Postnatal health contact within 2 days of birth	0.68	(0.35, 1.32)	0.256	0.46	(0.22, 0.95)	0.037

^aOnly measured for home deliveries, not included in analysis for other interventions. In addition, these interventions were not adjusted for facility delivery, as they were only measured for home births

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