Association of pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin versus insulin when becoming pregnant

Table 2 Incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who received insulin, metformin to insulin switching or metformin therapy

Cohort	Insulin Group (n = 222)	Switching Group (n = 318)	Metformin Group (n = 626)
Maternal outcome, (%)
Primary cesarean section	38.74	41.19	23.16
Pregnancy-related hypertension	24.77	29.87	20.77
Preeclampsia	16.67	20.13	13.26
Fetal outcome, (%)
Preterm birth (< 37 week)	27.93	31.45	23.16
Very preterm birth (< 32 weeks)	4.50	3.77	3.99
Low birth weight (< 2500 g)	10.36	12.89	10.38
High birth weight (> 4000 g)	13.96	19.18	10.54
Small for gestational age	6.76	5.66	6.23
Large for gestational age	40.54	49.06	34.82
Congenital malformations	9.91	7.86	5.27
APGAR score < 7 at 5 min	< 2.25^a	2.57	1.81
Stillbirth	3.60	2.20	2.72

^aAccording to the data-use policy, information for events involving < 5 cases was not available

ISSN: 1471-2393