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Table 7 Determinants of child health service utilization based on cumulative three-year reference data (2015–2017)

From: Trends and correlates of maternal, newborn and child health services utilization in primary healthcare facilities: an explorative ecological study using DHIMSII data from one district in the Volta region of Ghana

 

Dependent Variables (child immunizations)

Independent Variables

BCG

(Univariate I)

OPV1

(Univariate II)

OPV3

(Univariate III)

Penta1

(Univariate IV)

Penta3

(Univariate V)

YF

(Univariate VI)

Measles

(Univariate VII)

 

IRR (95% CI)

IRR (95% CI)

IRR (95% CI)

IRR (95% CI)

IRR (95% CI)

IRR (95% CI)

IRR (95% CI)

Midwives per clinic

1.32 (1.29 1.34)*

1.25 (1.22 1.27)*

1.25 (1.23 1.27)*

1.25 (1.23 0.27)*

1.25 (1.23 1.27)*

1.25 (1.22 1.27)*

1.25 (1.23 1.27)*

WIFA population

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.000)*

1.00 (1.00 1.000)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

Other staff per clinic

0.96 (0.96 0.97)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.98 (0.98 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

Rural

68.56 (53.22 88.32)*

23.41 (18.30 29.96)*

22.21 (17.48 28.22)*

25.06 (19.62 32.01)*

25.06 (19.62 32.01)*

22.52 (17.60 28.82)*

24.23 (18.91 31.05)*

Urban

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Log pseudolikelihood

− 564.57

− 515.93

− 616.18

− 517.88

− 517.88

− 510.56

− 496.04

LR chi2(4)

3310.25

3247.38

3014.44

3292.27

3292.27

3767.78

3548.59

Prob > chi2

0.0105

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

Pseudo R2

0.7457

0.7589

0.7098

0.7607

0.7607

0.7868

0.7815

Obs.

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

ANC attendance

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

Midwives per clinic

1.24 (1.21 1.27)*

1.19 (1.17 1.22*

1.16 (1.14 1.19)*

1.19 (1.17 1.22)*

1.19 (1.17 1.22)*

1.19 (1.17 1.22)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

WIFA population

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.20 (1.17 1.23)*

Other staff per clinic

0.96 (0.96 0.96)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.98 (0.97 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.97)*

0.97 (0.97 0.97)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

Rural

90.18 (69.42 7.16)*

28.64 (22.20 36.96)*

31.33 (24.44 0.16)*

30.87 (23.97 39.76)*

30.87 (23.97 39.76)*

27.74 (21.49 35.79)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

Urban

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Log pseudolikelihood

− 526.61

− 495.29

− 553.65

−495.41

− 495.41

− 488.83

− 477.05

LR chi2(4)

3386.18

3288.67

3139.51

3337.21

3337.21

3811.23

3586.56

Prob > chi2

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

Pseudo R2

0.7628

0.7685

0.7393

0.7711

0.7711

0.7958

0.7899

Obs.

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

SVDs

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

Midwives per clinic

1.29(1.26 1.32)*

1.22 (1.20 1.25)*

1.20 (1.18 1.23)*

1.22 (1.20 1.25)*

1.22 (1.20 1.25)*

1.22 (1.19 1.24)*

1.23 (1.20 1.26)*

WIFA population

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 1.00)*

Other staff per clinic

0.96 (0.96 0.96)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.98 (0.97 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.97)*

0.97 (0.97 0.97)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

0.97 (0.97 0.98)*

Rural

72.05 (55.80 3.03)*

24.39 (19.02 31.27)*

24.13 (18.94 30.74)*

26.14 (20.42 33.45)*

26.14 (20.42 3.45)*

23.74 (18.51 30.45)*

25.18 (19.61 32.32)*

Urban

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Log pseudolikelihood

− 557.24

−510.62

− 592.31

− 512.20

−512.20

− 502.36

−491.71

LR chi2(4)

3324.93

3258.00

3062.20

3303.63

3303.63

3784.17

3557.25

Prob > chi2

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

Pseudo R2

0.7490

0.7613

0.7211

0.7633

0.7633

0.7902

0.7834

Obs.

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

  1. Source: GHS/DHIMS II (Ho West District, 2015–2017)
  2. Legend: ANC (Antenatal Care); SVDs (Spontaneous Vaginal Deliveries); WIFA (Women in Fertility Age); IRR (Incidence Rate Ratio); CI (Confidence Interval)
  3. *p < 0.001 (Poisson regression) statistically significant