Table 1 Maternal and pumping characteristics for Pain and Control groups
From: Effect of nipple shield use on milk removal: a mechanistic study
Maternal characteristics | ‘all data’ | ‘subset data’ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PG ( n = 09) | CG ( n = 22) | p -value | PG (n = 03) median only | CG ( n = 08) | ||
Maternal age; years | 30 (5) | 33 (3) | 0.03 | 25.7 | 33.3 (91.6) | |
Primipara; n (%) | 7 (78) | 14 (70) | 0.67 | 3 (100) | 6 (86) | |
Birth gestation; weeks | 39 (1) | 40 (2) | 0.39 | 39 | 39 (3) | |
Birth mode vaginal; n (%) | 5 (56) | 14 (64) | 0.70 | 2 (67) | 4 (57) | |
Postpartum time; weeks | 11.0 (4.4) | 15.1 (11.1) | 0.04 | 11.0 | 15.7 (11.3) | |
24 h milk production; mL | 768 (178) | 739 (305) | 0.89 | 654 | 622 (98) | |
Postpartum time of milk production; week | 6.7 (2.4) | 13.4 (6.6) | 0.04 | 6.6 | 12.6 (6) | |
Pumping characteristics | ||||||
MCV, no nipple shield; mmHg | -262 (29) | -232 (59) | 0.14 | -240 | -197 (72) | |
MCV, with nipple shield; mmHg | -260 (26) | -236 (59) | 0.20 | -238 | -196 (76) | |
PAMR, no nipple shield; % | 55 (24) | 73 (29) | 0.31 | 50 | 76 (18) | |
PAMR, with nipple shield; % | 44 (32) | 41 (47) | 0.91 | 37 | 40 (71) | |
Volume, no nipple shield; mL | 59 (60) | 82 (60) | 0.56 | 57 | 102 (52) | |
Volume, with nipple shield; mL | 37 (46) | 31 (62) | 0.67 | 37 | 33 (104) | |