From: Well-being in high-risk pregnancy: an integrative review
No. | Authors/Year/Country | Aims | Study design | Well-being definition |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fellmeth/2018/Thai-Myanmar | To explore experiences of perinatal depression among refugee and labor migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar border [23] | Qualitative | Well-being is defined by mental health and lack of prenatal depression. |
2 | Göbel/2018/Denmark | To systematically report and summarize the methodology and results of studies examining the relation between prenatal anxiety and maternal-fetal bonding [24] | Explanatory analysis and systematic review | Negative well-being includes maternal anxiety, distress, and depression. |
3 | Gentile/2017/Italy | To assess effects of intrauterine exposure to maternal depression or depressive symptoms in order to help clinicians to balance the risk of fetal complications with the effects of maternal mood disorders [25] | Systematic review | Negative well-being include depression and emotional distress. |
4 | Queyam/2017/Eastern Macedonia | To assess and compare different techniques to non-invasively measure physiological parameters for the purpose of monitoring fetomaternal well-being [26] | Review of methods | Maternal well-being is monitored through physiological parameters. |
5 | Fairbrother/2017/Canada | To assess the prevalence and incidence of anxiety disorders among pregnant women with varying levels of maternal, obstetric, and fetal risk in pregnancy [27] | Cohort | Well-being is implicitly defined as the absence of perinatal anxiety. |
6 | Nasiri-Kanari/2017/Iran | To examine the relationship of subjective well-being and happiness with pregnancy anxiety among pregnant women in Tabriz [28] | Descriptive correlational | Subjective well-being and happiness are two positive factors in decreasing pregnancy anxiety. |
7 | Linden/2016/Sweden | To explore well-being and diabetes management in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy and To investigate associations among perceived well-being, diabetes management, and maternal characteristics [29] | Multi-centre randomized controlled trial | Well-being is defined by great self-efficacy for blood sugar control and low level of anxiety. |
8 | Saraian/2016/Iran | To compare perceived social support and psychological well-being between pregnant women with surrogacy, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and natural fertility [30] | Descriptive | Ryff’s definition of psychological well-being. |
9 | Taylor/2015/United Kingdom | To examine the case for universal thyroid screening in pregnancy and scrutinize this against established criteria for screening [31] | Review | Thyroid dysfunction denotes poor maternal well-being. |
10 | Roberts/2014/Australia | To explore pregnancy-related anticipated and experienced stress and promoting psychological well-being among women with phenylketonuria [32] | Qualitative | Well-being is implicitly defined by the absence of stress, concern, feeling of guilt, and physical problems and presence of positive social interactions. |
11 | Ngoma/2012/Japan | To explore support-seeking behavior among Japanese mothers at high risk for mental health problems [33] | Survey | Well-being in HRP is implicitly defined by mental health and lack of maternal depression. |
12 | McCarthy/2011/New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, and United Kingdom | To investigate the association between hyperemesis gravidarum and altered cognitive, behavioral and emotional well-being in pregnancy [14] | Prospective cohort | Well-being in HRP has cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dimensions and is implicitly defined by and lack of anxiety, stress, depression, and behavioral responses to pregnancy. |
13 | Bigelow/2011/USA | To assess bed rest versus normal activity for various complications of pregnancy [34] | Review | Well-being in HRP has physical, psychological, interpersonal, financial, spiritual and societal dimensions. |
14 | Woods/2010/USA | To identify factors associated with high antenatal psychosocial stress and describe the course of psychosocial stress during pregnancy [35] | Longitudinal study | Well-being in HRP is implicitly defined by lack of psychosocial stress. |
15 | Tough/2010/Canada | To identify maternal well-being and its association with the risk of developmental problems in children at school entry [36] | Cohort study | Well-being is defined as mental health. |
16 | Leeners/2008/German | To investigate the experience of women with hypertensive diseases in pregnancy [37] | Exploratory and descriptive | Well-being in HRP is implicitly defined by lack of psychosocial strain, stress, fear, uncertainty, dissatisfaction, and feeling of guilt. |
17 | Stark/2007/United States | To examine the relationship between maternal perceived stress and health-promoting self-care behaviors in women with HRP [38] | Descriptive-correlational | Well-being in HRP is implicitly defined by lack of stress, fear, and anxiety. |
18 | Dunn/2007/United States | To examine relationships among anxiety, depression, and spiritual well-being in three groups of women (non-pregnant, normal pregnancy, HRP on bed rest) [39] | Descriptive-correlational | “Spiritual well-being has two dimensions, namely existential and religious. Existential spiritual well-being refers to a sense of meaning and purpose in life. Religious spiritual well-being refers to having a focus on one’s relationship with God or a higher power” |
19 | Black/2007/United States | To investigate the relationships of psychological stress, preeclampsia/gestational hypertension symptoms, confidence in self-monitoring, well-being, and perceived social support with preeclampsia/gestational hypertension disease progression in outpatient women [40] | Retrospective correlational and comparative | Well-being is an abstract level of health. Well-being in HRP has two dimensions, namely physical (including fitness) and psychological (including mood, affect, and contentment). |
20 | Sayil/2007/Turkey | To examine demographic, environmental, and personality factors related to maternal well-being [41] | Cohort | Well-being in HRP is implicitly defined by lack of maternal anxiety and depression. |
21 | Breen/2006/Canada | To explores the connections between spirituality, health, and HRP [42] | Review | Well-being in HRP has three dimensions, namely physical, mental, and spiritual. Spiritual well-being affects physical and mental well-being. |
22 | Markovic/2006/Australia | To investigate how the Australian social context and the health care system intersect with and shape the experiences of individual women [43] | Grounded theory | Negative well-being in HRP is defined by lack of control over body and feelings of concern, uncertainty, and threat. |
23 | Giurgescu/2006/USA | To investigate whether prenatal coping strategies (preparation for motherhood, avoidance, positive interpretation of events, and prayer) mediate the effects of uncertainty and social support on the psychological well-being of women with HRP [44].. | Cross-sectional | Well-being is defined by lack of fear, anxiety, emotional distance from the baby, depression, loneliness, dysphoria, anxiety, hostility, fear, and loss of control. |
24 | Hobel/2003/USA | To assess the role of psychosocial and nutritional stress on poor pregnancy outcome [45] | Review | Well-being is implicitly defined by lack of psychosocial stress, fears, and anxiety. |
25 | Levy-Shiff/2002/Israel | To empirically explore psychosocial functioning in HRP and its relation to infant developmental outcomes by focusing on the pregnancies of women with presentational diabetes mellitus and women with gestational diabetes mellitus [46] | Cohort | Well-being is defined by lack of health-related stress. It consists of three components, namely physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion, and psychological exhaustion. |
26 | Paarlberg/1996/Netherlands | To examine the psychosocial predictors of well-being and of pregnancy-related complaints throughout pregnancy [47] | Cohort | Well-being is defined as adequate physical and mental functioning. |
27 | Langer/1996/Latin American | To examine the impact of a psychosocial support program on women’s psychosocial conditions and on their role as mothers To explore the impact of a psychosocial support program on well-being and satisfaction with reproductive experience [48] | Randomized controlled trial | Well-being in HRP is implicitly defined by lack of psychosocial distress and maternal anxiety. |
28 | Oakley/1991/United Kingdom | To assess the views and experiences of high-risk mothers with respect to the use of medical care [49] | Randomized controlled trial | Well-being is defined as satisfaction and absence of stress. |
29 | Lang/1989/German | To describe the current situation of diabetic pregnancies in comparison to non-diabetic pregnancies in a Central European setting [50] | Survey | Well-being is implicitly defined by lack of maternal mortality and morbidity. |
30 | Cunningham/1979/Texas | To assess the prophylactic transfusions of normal red blood cells during pregnancies complicated by sickle cell hemoglobinopathies [51]. | Cohort | Well-being is defined as successful control of physical stressors such as pain, edema, weight, blood pressure and laboratory parameters. |