Table 1 Characteristics of CEQ validations carried out in Sweden, the United Kingdom, Spain, China, and Iran
Author Year Country | Participants/ Postpartum Period | Reliability | Validity | Internal consistency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dencker et al. 2010 [3] Sweden | 920 primiparous women with vaginal delivery, emergency cesarean section, instrumental assistance and oxytocin during labor. Up to 1 month postpartum | Good | Good | Own Capacity: 0.82 Professional Support: 0.88 Perceived Safety: 0.78 Participation: 0.62 |
Walker et al. 2015 [4] United Kingdom | 350 primiparous women who had vaginal birth One month postpartum | Substantial | Substantial | Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.90 Own Capacity: 0.79 Professional Support: 0.94 Perceived Safety: 0.94 Participation: 0.72 |
Soriano-Vidal et al. 2016 [2] Spain | 364 primiparous and multiparous women who had vaginal delivery with or without the aid of instruments One to 3 months postpartum | Good | Good | Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.88 Own Capacity: 0.80 Professional Support: 0.90 Perceived Safety: 0.76 Participation: 0.68 |
Zhu et al. 2019 [5] China | 1747 primiparous and multiparous women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery Two to 3 days postpartum | Good/ satisfactory | Good | Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.88 |
Abbaspoor et al. 2019 [6] Iran | 203 women from two different hospitals with spontaneous vaginal births From first to 40 days postpartum | Good | Good | Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.82 Own Capacity: 0.71 Professional Support: 0.78 Perceived Safety: 0.69 Participation: 0.58 |