Table 2 Mean and Cronbach’s coefficient alphas

1st

North American

2.05 (0.68)

ɑ_C=0.82

1.34 (0.69)

ɑ_C=0.77

2.41 (0.80)

ɑ_C=0.73

Italian

1.79 (0.734)

ɑ_C=0.87 [0.82–0.91]

0.88 (0.510)

ɑ_C=0.69 [0.55–0.78]

1.66 (0.962)

ɑ_C=0.83 [0.77–0.84]

2nd

North American

2.09 (0.70)

ɑ_C=0.85

1.28 (0.65)

ɑ_C=0.79

2.36 (0.82)

ɑ_C=0.78

Italian

2.05 (0.550)

ɑ_C=0.75 [0.63–0.82]

0.97 (0.653)

ɑ_C=0.79 [0.70–0.84]

1.69 (0.977)

ɑ_C=0.82 [0.75–0.86]

3rd

North American

2.05 (0.72)

ɑ_C=0.86

1.26 (0.65)

ɑ_C=0.80

2.25 (0.83)

ɑ_C=0.77

Italian

2.29 (0.624)

ɑ_C=0.82 [0.75–0.87]

1.00 (0.595)

ɑ_C=0.76 [0.67–0.83]

1.76 (0.958)

ɑ_C=0.79 [0.72–0.84]

Total sample

Italian

2.04 (0.669)

ɑ_C=0.84 [0.80–0.87]

0.95 (0.589)

ɑ_C=0.76 [0.70–0.80]

1.70 (0.962)

ɑ_C=0.81 [0.77–0.84]