Biomarkers | Sample type | Baseline | During early pregnancy |
---|---|---|---|
(Couples) | (Females) | ||
Folate, ng/ mL | Serum | × | × |
RBC Folate, ng/ mL | Whole blood | × | × |
Homocysteine, μmol/L | Serum | × | × |
Vitamin D, ng/mL | Serum | × | × |
Vitamin B12, pg/mL | Serum | × | × |
Vitamin A, μg/mL | Serum | × | × |
Vitamin E, μg/mL | Serum | × | × |
Iron protein, ng/mL | Serum | × | × |
Metals (Fe, Zn, Se, Cu, Ca, etc), mg/L | Serum | × | × |
DNA | Whole blood | × |  |
Genotyping | DNA | × | × |
CHOL, HDL, LDL, TG, Fasting glucose | Serum | × | × |