Table 2 The ultrasonic manifestation and myocardial deformation in the cohort of studies (n = 72)
From: Decreased biventricular myocardial deformation in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction
| Fetus with LUTO (n = 36) | Normal control (n = 36) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | 30 ± 6 | 29 ± 4 | 0.36 |
| GA at initial examination, weeks | 21.5 ± 1.2 | 21.5 ± 1.2 | 1 |
| EFW at initial examination, g | 404.5 ± 89.3 | 416.2 ± 82.3 | 0.92 |
| Male, n (%) | 34 (94%) | 25 (69.4%) | 0.01 |
| Obstruction manifestation | |||
| Bladder volume, cm3 | 42.7 ± 8.6 | 8.6 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
| Keyhole sign, n (%) | 18 (50%) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Pelvic diametersa, mm | 18 ± 4 | 2 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
| Ureteral diametersb, mm | 4 ± 1 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| RA-PIc | 2.00 ± 0.10 | 1.97 ± 0.14 | 0.28 |
| Renal cortical cysts, n (%) | 8 (22.2%) | 0 | < 0.01 |
| Oligo-/anhydramnios, n (%) | 22 (61.1%) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| AFI | 42 ± 36 | 138 ± 26 | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiogram | |||
| C/T | 0.35 ± 0.06 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 |
| PE, n (%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0 | 0.05 |
| LV hypertrophy, n (%) | 4 (11.1%) | 0 | 0.11 |
| LV thickness, mm | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 0.09 |
| RV hypertrophy, n (%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0 | 0.03 |
| RV thickness, mm | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 0.05 |
| MVR, n (%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0 | 0.24 |
| TVR, n (%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0 | 0.05 |
| MV fusion, n (%) | 4 (11.1%) | 0 | 0.11 |
| TV fusion, n (%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0 | 0.01 |
| Myocardial deformation | |||
| LV-S, % | -16.03 ± 2.89 | -20.21 ± 1.61 | < 0.001 |
| LV-SRs, s− 1 | -1.57 ± 0.27 | -2.07 ± 0.17 | < 0.001 |
| LV-SRd, s− 1 | 1.51 ± 0.32 | 1.95 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 |
| RV-S, % | -16.35 ± 2.70 | -26.42 ± 1.96 | < 0.001 |
| RV-SRs, s− 1 | -1.73 ± 0.27 | -2.61 ± 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| RV-SRd, s− 1 | 1.81 ± 0.26 | 2.54 ± 0.56 | < 0.001 |