From: Decreased biventricular myocardial deformation in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction
Ā | Fetus with LUTO (nā=ā36) | Normal control (nā=ā36) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal age, years | 30āĀ±ā6 | 29āĀ±ā4 | 0.36 |
GA at initial examination, weeks | 21.5āĀ±ā1.2 | 21.5āĀ±ā1.2 | 1 |
EFW at initial examination, g | 404.5āĀ±ā89.3 | 416.2āĀ±ā82.3 | 0.92 |
Male, n (%) | 34 (94%) | 25 (69.4%) | 0.01 |
Obstruction manifestation | |||
Ā Bladder volume, cm3 | 42.7āĀ±ā8.6 | 8.6āĀ±ā3.8 | <ā0.001 |
Ā Keyhole sign, n (%) | 18 (50%) | 0 | <ā0.001 |
Ā Pelvic diametersa, mm | 18āĀ±ā4 | 2āĀ±ā2 | <ā0.001 |
Ā Ureteral diametersb, mm | 4āĀ±ā1 | 0 | <ā0.001 |
Ā RA-PIc | 2.00āĀ±ā0.10 | 1.97āĀ±ā0.14 | 0.28 |
Ā Renal cortical cysts, n (%) | 8 (22.2%) | 0 | <ā0.01 |
Ā Oligo-/anhydramnios, n (%) | 22 (61.1%) | 0 | <ā0.001 |
Ā AFI | 42āĀ±ā36 | 138āĀ±ā26 | <ā0.001 |
Echocardiogram | |||
Ā C/T | 0.35āĀ±ā0.06 | 0.30āĀ±ā0.02 | <ā0.001 |
Ā PE, n (%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0 | 0.05 |
Ā LV hypertrophy, n (%) | 4 (11.1%) | 0 | 0.11 |
Ā LV thickness, mm | 2.0āĀ±ā0.4 | 1.9āĀ±ā0.3 | 0.09 |
Ā RV hypertrophy, n (%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0 | 0.03 |
Ā RV thickness, mm | 2.1āĀ±ā0.4 | 1.9āĀ±ā0.2 | 0.05 |
Ā MVR, n (%) | 3 (8.3%) | 0 | 0.24 |
Ā TVR, n (%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0 | 0.05 |
Ā MV fusion, n (%) | 4 (11.1%) | 0 | 0.11 |
Ā TV fusion, n (%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0 | 0.01 |
Myocardial deformation | |||
Ā LV-S, % | -16.03āĀ±ā2.89 | -20.21āĀ±ā1.61 | <ā0.001 |
Ā LV-SRs, sāā1 | -1.57āĀ±ā0.27 | -2.07āĀ±ā0.17 | <ā0.001 |
Ā LV-SRd, sāā1 | 1.51āĀ±ā0.32 | 1.95āĀ±ā0.43 | <ā0.001 |
Ā RV-S, % | -16.35āĀ±ā2.70 | -26.42āĀ±ā1.96 | <ā0.001 |
Ā RV-SRs, sāā1 | -1.73āĀ±ā0.27 | -2.61āĀ±ā0.81 | <ā0.001 |
Ā RV-SRd, sāā1 | 1.81āĀ±ā0.26 | 2.54āĀ±ā0.56 | <ā0.001 |