From: Gestational weight gain and body composition of full-term newborns and infants: a cohort study
Neonatal features | Gestational Weight Gain | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Insufficientc (n = 31) | Appropriate a (n = 42) | Excessiveb (n = 51) | ||
Mean (± SD) or n (%) | Mean (± SD) or n (%) | Mean (± SD) or n (%) | ||
Gender (male) | 17 (54.8%) | 20 (47.6%) | 28 (54.9%) | 0.746 |
Gestational Age (weeks) | 39.74 (± 0.99) | 38.64 (± 1.34) | 38.90 (± 1.41) | 0.625 |
Birth weight (g) | 3134.84 (± 393.84) | 3220.00 (± 448.33) | 3421.57 (± 487.43) | 0.014 |
HC (cm) | 34.44 (± 1.20) | 34.28 (± 0.99) | 34.90 (± 1.11) | 0.022 |
Height (cm) | 49.17 (± 1.89) | 49.22 (± 2.03) | 50.01 (± 1.96) | 0.083 |
Apgar 5 min | 9 | 9 | 9 | 0.47 |
Z weight/age | −0.73 (± 0.83) | −0.66 (± 0.91) | −0.19 (± 0.99) | 0.017 |
Z HC/age | −0.02 (± 1.02) | −0.08 (± 0.86) | 0.37 (± 0.94) | 0.040 |
Z length/age | −0.44 (± 0.98) | −0.37 (± 1.11) | 0.01 (± 1.04) | 0.092 |
BMI | 12.23 (± 0.91) | 12.28 (± 0.91) | 12.88 (± 1.18) | 0.005 |
% Fat-free mass | 91.35 (± 4.25) | 91.15 (± 3.96)# | 89.13 (± 4.73)## | 0.035 |
Fat-free mass (g) | 2716.03 (± 317.44) | 2717.07 (± 301.33) | 2858.04 (± 364.61) | 0.074 |
% Fat mass | 8.64 (± 4.25) | 8.85 (± 3.95)# | 10.86 (± 4.73)## | 0.035 |
Fat mass (g) | 264.70 (± 140.90) | 275.20# (± 146.57) | 359.82## (± 181.53) | 0.013 |