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Table 2 Neonatal characteristics in different groups of gestational weight gain (n = 124)

From: Gestational weight gain and body composition of full-term newborns and infants: a cohort study

Neonatal features

Gestational Weight Gain

p-value

Insufficientc

(n = 31)

Appropriate a

(n = 42)

Excessiveb

(n = 51)

Mean (± SD) or n (%)

Mean (± SD) or n (%)

Mean (± SD) or n (%)

Gender (male)

17 (54.8%)

20 (47.6%)

28 (54.9%)

0.746

Gestational Age (weeks)

39.74 (± 0.99)

38.64 (± 1.34)

38.90 (± 1.41)

0.625

Birth weight (g)

3134.84 (± 393.84)

3220.00 (± 448.33)

3421.57 (± 487.43)

0.014

HC (cm)

34.44 (± 1.20)

34.28 (± 0.99)

34.90 (± 1.11)

0.022

Height (cm)

49.17 (± 1.89)

49.22 (± 2.03)

50.01 (± 1.96)

0.083

Apgar 5 min

9

9

9

0.47

Z weight/age

−0.73 (± 0.83)

−0.66 (± 0.91)

−0.19 (± 0.99)

0.017

Z HC/age

−0.02 (± 1.02)

−0.08 (± 0.86)

0.37 (± 0.94)

0.040

Z length/age

−0.44 (± 0.98)

−0.37 (± 1.11)

0.01 (± 1.04)

0.092

BMI

12.23 (± 0.91)

12.28 (± 0.91)

12.88 (± 1.18)

0.005

% Fat-free mass

91.35 (± 4.25)

91.15 (± 3.96)#

89.13 (± 4.73)##

0.035

Fat-free mass (g)

2716.03 (± 317.44)

2717.07 (± 301.33)

2858.04 (± 364.61)

0.074

% Fat mass

8.64 (± 4.25)

8.85 (± 3.95)#

10.86 (± 4.73)##

0.035

Fat mass (g)

264.70 (± 140.90)

275.20# (± 146.57)

359.82## (± 181.53)

0.013

  1. #Appropriate x excessive (p < 0.05) / ##Excessive x insufficient (p < 0.05)
  2. BMI Body mass index
  3. HC Head circumference
  4. a Gestational weight gain within 2009 IOM recommendations
  5. b Gestational weight gain greater than the 2009 IOM recommendations
  6. c Weight gain less than the 2009 IOM recommendations