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Table 2 Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between LBP type and perinatal depression

From: Different types of low back pain in relation to pre- and post-natal maternal depressive symptoms

Independent Variables

Prenatal Depression

Postnatal Depression

Perinatal Depression

Adjusted OR#

P

Adjusted OR#

P

Adjusted OR#

P

LBP types

Ā No LBP (ref.)

Ā Ā LP

1.1 (0.7ā€“1.7)

<ā€‰0.001*

3.2 (2.1ā€“4.8)

<ā€‰0.001*

3.6(3.0-4.3)

<ā€‰0.001*

Ā Ā PPP

2.9 (1.7ā€“4.9)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.1 (0.6ā€“1.9)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.1(0.8ā€“1.5)

<ā€‰0.001*

Ā Ā CP

2.3 (1.2ā€“4.6)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.9 (1.0-3.8)

<ā€‰0.001*

2.1(1.4ā€“3.2)

<ā€‰0.001*

Ā Ā Educational levelā€‰ā‰„ā€‰high school/university

0.4 (0.3ā€“0.6)

<ā€‰0.001*

0.4 (0.3ā€“0.6)

<ā€‰0.001*

0.4(0.3ā€“0.6)

0.004*

Ā Ā Household annual income (<$6,000)

1.2 (0.7ā€“2.2)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.4 (0.8ā€“2.5)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.3(0.7ā€“2.3)

<ā€‰0.001*

Ā Ā Sick leaveā€‰ā‰„ā€‰90 days

1.1 (0.7ā€“1.8)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.2 (0.8ā€“1.9)

0.004*

1.5(0.9ā€“2.4)

0.003*

Ā Ā Primigravida

1.3 (0.9-2.0)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.4 (0.9ā€“2.1)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.4(0.9ā€“2.1)

<ā€‰0.001*

Ā Ā Unexpected sex of the baby

1.4 (0.9ā€“2.2)

0.001*

1.3 (0.8ā€“2.1)

0.004*

1.5(0.9ā€“2.4)

0.005*

Ā Ā Normal BMI (18.5ā€“23.9)

1.2 (0.8ā€“1.8)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.3 (0.9-2.0)

<ā€‰0.001*

1.1(0.7ā€“1.7)

<ā€‰0.001*

  1. *indicates statistical significance. # fully adjusted by confounding factors. Odds ratios as well as 95% CIs were shown. ORā€‰Odds Ratio, LBPā€‰Low Back Pain, LPā€‰Lumbar Pain, PPPā€‰Posterior Pelvic Pain, CPā€‰Combined Pain, BMIā€‰Body Mass Index