Impact of individual and neighborhood social capital on the physical and mental health of pregnant women: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Morozumi, Ryoko; Matsumura, Kenta; Hamazaki, Kei; Tsuchida, Akiko; Takamori, Ayako; Inadera, Hidekuni

doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03131-3

Table 2 Comparison of means between groups of pregnant women (PCS and MCS scores)

From: Impact of individual and neighborhood social capital on the physical and mental health of pregnant women: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Score type		PCS score			MCS score
Characteristics	n	M	SD	p	M	SD	p
Age (years)
< 35	58,144	45.89	6.12	< 0.001^a	49.05	6.22	< 0.001^a
≥ 35	21,066	44.94	6.44		49.34	6.20
Marital status
Unmarried, divorced, or bereaved	2896	46.48	6.28	< 0.001^a	47.12	6.73	< 0.001^a
Married or in a common-law relationship	76,314	45.61	6.22		49.21	6.19
Number of children
0	36,813	45.84	6.16	< 0.001^a	49.17	6.27	0.073
≥ 1	42,397	45.46	6.26		49.09	6.18
Self-reported history of disease
No	12,416	46.72	5.89	< 0.001^a	49.61	5.83	< 0.001^a
Yes	66,794	45.44	6.26		49.04	6.28
Obstetric complications
No	64,957	46.02	5.92	< 0.001^a	49.36	6.06	< 0.001^a
Yes	14,253	43.88	7.20		48.09	6.78
Experience of any stressful events
No	44,535	45.87	6.04	< 0.001^a	50.26	5.70	< 0.001^a
Yes	34,675	45.34	6.43		47.68	6.55
Labor force participation
No	25,481	46.01	6.22	< 0.001^a	49.20	6.15	0.037^b
Yes	53,729	45.46	6.21		49.10	6.25
Mother’s academic history
Junior high or high school, technical college, or vocational school	46,642	45.77	6.20	< 0.001^a	48.76	6.26	< 0.001^a
College, university, or graduate school	32,568	45.46	6.24		49.66	6.11
Father’s academic history
Junior high or high school, technical college, or vocational school	50,089	45.75	6.21	< 0.001^a	48.89	6.25	< 0.001^a
College, university, or graduate school	29,121	45.45	6.24		49.55	6.13
Household income (million JPY/year)
< 4	31,204	46.10	6.09	< 0.001^a	48.62	6.31	< 0.001^a
≥ 4	48,006	45.34	6.29		49.46	6.14
Individual social capital
A: Is there someone available to you who shows you love and affection?
None of the time, a little of the time	9437	45.81	6.25	0.004^a	47.49	6.78	< 0.001^a
Some of the time, most of the time, all of the time	69,773	45.61	6.22		49.35	6.11
B: Is there someone whom you can count on for emotional support (discuss problems or help you make a difficult decision)?
None of the time, a little of the time	7534	45.61	6.38	0.640	46.67	6.95	< 0.001^a
Some of the time, most of the time, all of the time	71,676	45.64	6.20		49.39	6.08
C: How often do you have a desired level of contact with someone whom you feel close to, trust, and can confide in?
None of the time, a little of the time	11,514	45.64	6.26	0.937	47.51	6.72	< 0.001^a
Some of the time, most of the time, all of the time	67,696	45.64	6.21		49.40	6.09
D: Number of friends or neighbors with whom you can casually share your concerns
None, one, or two	30,970	45.55	6.27	< 0.001^a	48.15	6.47	< 0.001^a
Three or more	48,240	45.70	6.19		49.76	5.97
Neighborhood social capital
E: Neighbors trust each other.
Disagree, somewhat disagree	35,732	45.45	6.32	< 0.001^a	48.51	6.48	< 0.001^a
Somewhat agree, agree	43,478	45.79	6.13		49.64	5.94
F: Neighbors help each other.
Disagree, somewhat disagree	35,306	45.45	6.32	< 0.001^a	48.60	6.48	< 0.001^a
Somewhat agree, agree	43,904	45.79	6.14		49.56	5.97

PCS Physical Component Summary, MCS Mental Component Summary
^ap < 0.01, ^bp < 0.05

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ISSN: 1471-2393

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