Table 1 Background characteristics of the participants
Characteristics | Respondents | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
The 8-item Short-Form Health Survey | ||
PCS scores: mean (range) | 45.64 | (5.72–65.45) |
MCS scores: mean (range) | 49.13 | (12.87–73.33) |
Age (years): mean (range) | 31.19 | (15–47) |
Marital status | ||
Unmarried, divorced, or bereaved | 2896 | (3.66) |
Married or in a common-law relationship | 76,314 | (96.34) |
Number of children | ||
0 | 36,813 | (46.48) |
≥ 1 | 42,397 | (53.52) |
Self-reported history of disease | ||
No | 12,416 | (15.67 |
Yes | 66,794 | (84.33) |
Obstetric complications | ||
No | 64,957 | (82.01) |
Yes | 14,253 | (17.99) |
Experience of any stressful events | ||
No | 44,535 | (56.22) |
Yes | 34,675 | (43.78) |
Labor force participation | ||
No | 25,481 | (32.17) |
Yes | 53,729 | (67.83) |
Mother’s academic history | ||
Junior high or high school | 27,181 | (34.32) |
Technical college or vocational school | 19,461 | (24.57) |
College, university, or graduate school | 32,568 | (41.12) |
Father’s academic history | ||
Junior high or high school | 33,870 | (42.76) |
Technical college or vocational school | 16,219 | (20.48) |
College, university, or graduate school | 29,121 | (36.76) |
Household income (million JPY/year) | ||
< 2 | 4200 | (5.30) |
2–4 | 27,004 | (34.09) |
4–6 | 26,364 | (33.28) |
6–8 | 12,819 | (16.18) |
8–10 | 5366 | (6.77) |
≥ 10 | 3457 | (4.36) |
Individual social capital | ||
A: Is there someone available to you who shows you love and affection? | ||
None of the time | 3310 | (4.18) |
A little of the time | 6127 | (7.74) |
Some of the time | 22,244 | (28.08) |
Most of the time | 6583 | (8.31) |
All of the time | 40,946 | (51.69) |
B: Is there someone whom you can count on for emotional support (discuss prolems or help you make a difficult decision)? | ||
None of the time | 1675 | (2.11) |
A little of the time | 5859 | (7.40) |
Some of the time | 15,852 | (20.01) |
Most of the time | 8171 | (10.32) |
All of the time | 47,653 | (60.16) |
C: How often do you have a desired level of contact with someone whom you feel close to, trust, and can confide in? | ||
None of the time | 1198 | (1.51) |
A little of the time | 10,316 | (13.02) |
Some of the time | 30,605 | (38.64) |
Most of the time | 14,794 | (18.68) |
All of the time | 22,297 | (28.15) |
D: Number of friends or neighbors with whom you can casually share your concerns | ||
None | 786 | (0.99) |
One or two | 30,184 | (38.11) |
Three or more | 48,240 | (60.90) |
Neighborhood social capital | ||
E: Neighbors trust each other. | ||
Disagree | 16,107 | (20.33) |
Somewhat disagree | 19,625 | (24.78) |
Somewhat agree | 36,802 | (46.46) |
Agree | 6676 | (8.43) |
F: Neighbors help each other. | ||
Disagree | 15,687 | (19.80) |
Somewhat disagree | 19,619 | (24.77) |
Somewhat agree | 36,326 | (45.86) |
Agree | 7578 | (9.57) |