Table 5 Correlation between pregnancy, labour and birth characteristics with perceived disrespectful maternity care among postpartum women (n = 334)
Variables | n % | cOR (95%CI)⁎ |
|---|---|---|
Gravid | ||
One (Ref) | 112 (44.3) | 1 |
Two | 80 (31.6) | 0.62 (0.35 to 1.11) |
Three | 43 (17.0) | 0.92 (043 to 1.98) |
4≤ | 18 (7.1) | 0.66 (0.25 to 1.74) |
Infertility | ||
No (Ref) | 243 (96.0) | 1 |
Yes | 10 (4.0) | 1.62 (0.34 to 7.57) |
Prenatal class attendance | ||
No (Ref) | 204 (80.6) | 1 |
Yes | 49 (19.4) | 0.84 (0.45 to 1.54) |
Source of support | ||
Mother or father (Ref) | 128 (5.6) | 1 |
Husband | 15 (5.9) | 0.34 (0.14 to 0.79)** |
relative | 110 (43.5) | 0.88 (0.51 to 1.51) |
Hospitalization duration in labour and delivery room (Hour) | ||
≤ 5 (Ref) | 102 (40.3) | 1 |
6–10 | 85 (33.6) | 1.52 (0.86 to 2.71) |
≥ 11 | 66 (26.1) | 2.19 (1.09 to 4.37)** |
Number of healthcare providers | ||
≥ 3 (Ref) | 102 (40.3) | 1 |
One | 26 (10.3) | 0.20 (0.08 to 0.48)** |
Two | 125 (49.4) | 0.30 (0.15 to 0.59)** |
birth attendant | ||
Obstetric (resident or on call) (Ref) | 177 (70.0) | 1 |
Midwife | 51 (20.2) | 0.24 (0.12 to 0.46)** |
Personal physician or midwife | 13 (5.1) | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.12)** |
Student (midwifery or intern) | 12 (4.7) | 0.37 (0.11 to 1.25) |
Prolonged labour (dilatation < 1 cm/h) | ||
No (Ref) | 222 (87.7) | 1 |
Yes | 31 (12.3) | 1.74 (0.70 to 4.34) |
Child birth (public) | ||
Yes (Ref) | 244 (96.4) | 1 |
No | 9 (3.6) | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.16)** |
Postpartum bleeding (≥ 500 CC) | ||
No (Ref) | 231 (91.3) | 1 |
Yes | 22 (8.7) | 2.46 (0.72 to 8.49) |
Precipitous labour (childbirth < 3 h) | ||
No (Ref) | 243 (96.0) | 1 |
Yes | 10 (4.0) | 0.05 (0.15 to 0.26)** |
Baby sex | ||
Boy (Ref) | 125 (49.4) | 1 |
Girl | 128 (50.6) | 1.48 (0.89 to 2.47) |
Place of prenatal care | ||
Health center (Ref) | 144 (56.9) | 1 |
Private office (Obstetrician) | 16 (6.3) | 0.32 (0.19 to 0.59)** |
Private office (Midwife) | 73 (28.9) | 0.40 (0.15 to 1.02) |
Hospital | 20 (7.9) | 4.02 (0.52 to 31.21) |
Planed pregnancy | ||
Yes (Ref) | 169 (66.8) | 1 |
No | 84 (33.2) | 1.83 (1.03 to 3.25)** |
Abortion history | ||
No abortion(Ref) | 194 (76.7) | 1 |
One | 47 (18.6) | 1.21 (0.61 to 2.38) |
≥ 2 | 12 (4.7) | 1.34 (0.36 to 4.89) |
Doula presence | ||
No (Ref) | 248 (98.1) | 1 |
Yes | 5 (2.0) | 0.38 (0.10 to 1.48) |
Birth weight (Gram) | ||
2500–4000 | 34 (13.4) | 1 |
2500≥ | 211 (83.4) | 1.52 (0.86 to 2.71) |
4000≤ | 8 (3.2) | 2.19 (1.09 to 4.37)** |
Gestational age at birth | ||
> 37 (Ref)) | 193 (76.3) | 1 |
≤ 37 | 60 (23.7) | 1.01 (0.56 to 1.83) |
Apgar 1 min | ||
9–10 (Ref) | 243 (96.0) | 1 |
≤ 8 | 10 (4.0) | 1.62 (0.34 to 7.57) |
Apgar 5 min | ||
9–10 (Ref) | 243 (96.0) | 1 |
≤ 8 | 10 (4.0) | 0.61 (0.13 to 2.86) |
use of labour analgesia | ||
No (Ref) | 182 (71.9) | 1 |
Yes | 71 (28.1) | 0.66 (0.39 to 1.12) |
Time of giving birth | ||
Day (8 a.m. to 8 p.m.) (Ref) | 129 (51.7) | 1 |
Night | 124 (49.0) | 3.36 (1.88 to 6.02)** |
Augmentation | ||
No (Ref) | 133 (52.6) | 1 |
Yes | 120 (47.4) | 1.70 (1.01 to 2.87)** |
Admission to NICU | ||
No (Ref) | 215 (85.0) | 1 |
Yes | 38 (15.0) | 1.41 (0.65 to 3.6) |