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Table 2 The association between the sociodemographic factors and adequate ANC (≥ 8 visits) in Afghan women

From: Barriers and associated factors for adequate antenatal care among Afghan women in Iran; findings from a community-based survey

 

Number of ANC

p-value

<  8 visits (%)

≥ 8 visits (%)

Crude OR (95% CI) a

Age group (year)

18–24

70 (25.7)

61 (40.1)

Ref

 

25–34

137 (50.4)

51 (33.6)

0.43 (0.27–0.68)

 

35–45

65 (23.9)

40 (26.3)

0.71 (0.42–1.19)

0.002

Education

Illiterate

120 (44.1)

40 (26.3)

Ref

 

Literate

152 (55.9)

112(73.7)

2.21 (1.43–3.41)

0.001

Employment

Unemployed

128 (47.1)

88 (57.9)

Ref

 

Employed

144 (52.9)

64 (42.1)

0.65 (0.43–0.96)

0.032

Parity

1

48 (17.6)

32 (21.1)

Ref

 

2–4

152 (55.9)

88 (57.9)

0.87 (0.52–1.46)

 

≥ 5

72 (26.5)

32(21.1)

0.67 (0.36–1.23)

0.399

Husband education

Illiterate

128 (47.1)

31 (20.4)

Ref

 

Literate

144 (52.9)

121 (79.6)

3.47 (2.19–5.50)

0.001

Husband employment

Employed

266 (97.8)

150 (98.7)

Ref

 

Unemployed

6 (2.2)

2 (1.3)

0.59 (0.12–2.97)

0.518

Family income (Iranian Toman)

<  4 million

184 (67.6)

40 (26.3)

Ref

 

≥ 4 million

88 (32.4)

112 (73.7)

5.85 (3.77–9.10)

0.001

Length of stay in Iran

≤ 5 years

152 (55.9)

40 (26.3)

Ref

 

>  5 year

120 (44.1)

112 (73.7)

3.55 (2.30–5.47)

0.001

Legal status

Illegal

136 (50.0)

24 (15.8)

Ref

 

Legal

136 (50.0)

128 (84.2)

5.33 (3.25–8.76)

0.001

Insurance *

No insurance

112 (82.4)

32 (25.0)

Ref

 

Has insurance

24 (17.6)

96 (75.0)

14.00 (7.71–25.39)

0.001*

  1. * Only included the legal immigrant (n = 264)
  2. a The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for adequate access to ANC (≥ 8 visits)
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