Burden of hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy and maternofoetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Meta-regression analysis of HEV infection prevalence in global population of pregnant women

Variables (reference)	Univariable model			Explained variance, R²	Multivariable model
Variables (reference)	Prevalence odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)	P value	P value, test for moderator	Explained variance, R²	Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)	P value
Clinical presentation (asymptomatic)			< 0.0001	76.1%
Symptomatic	1.79 (1.64–1.97)	< 0.0001			1.76 (1.61–1.91)	< 0.0001
Year of publication			0.012	9.8%
By increase of 10 years	0.84 (0.73–0.96)	0.012			0.90 (0.84–0.96)	0.003
Human development index (high and very high)			< 0.0001	24.6%
Low and medium	1.62 (1.35–1.95)	< 0.0001
Regions (Africa)			< 0.0001	65.3%
Americas	0.93 (0.71–1.22)	0.615
Eastern Mediterranean	1.16 (0.96–1.39)	0.132
Europe	0.80 (0.62–1.04)	0.092
South-East Asia	1.71 (1.46–2.00)	< 0.0001
Western Pacific	0.96 (0.74–1.24)	0.744
Country HEV endemic profile (low)			0.031	0.0%
Endemic	0.91 (0.55–1.50)	0.717
High	1.37 (0.98–1.92)	0.069
Sampling (non-probability-based)			0.734	0.0%
Probability-based	1.11 (0.68–1.79)	0.682
Unclear	1.07 (0.89–1.29)	0.460

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