Fig. 2

Venn diagram of P. falciparum positivity by different diagnostic methods. a Positivity by the index tests (hsRDT and LAMP), and the reference test (qRT-PCR); (b) & (c) Positivity by the standards of practice (LM and cRDT), the reference test (qRT-PCR) and one of the index tests (hsRDT & LAMP, respectively); (d) Positivity by the nucleic-acid amplification tests (nPCR, LAMP, qRT-PCR). Testing conducted in 858 pregnant women during antenatal care visits