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Table 1 Characteristics of participants (N = 130)

From: A longitudinal study of bonding failure related to aspects of posttraumatic stress symptoms after childbirth among Japanese mothers

Age, y

 

31.1 ± 4.2

Experience of birth, n (%)

Primiparous

45 (34.6)

Multiparous

85 (65.4)

Number of children, n

 

1.9 ± 0.8

Gestational age, months

 

38.9 ± 1.1

Birth weight, g

 

3046 ± 333

Bleeding, ml

 

331 ± 19

Marital status, n (%)

Married

128 (98.5)

Divorced

2 (1.5)

Subjective economic status, n (%)

High

10 (7.7)

115 (88.5)

Relatively high

58 (44.6)

Relatively low

47 (36.2)

Low

15 (11.5)

15 (11.5)

Years of education, n (%)

> 12 years

85 (65.4)

45 (34.6)

Tertiary

39 (30.0)

Secondary

6 (4.6)

85 (65.4)

Employment, n (%)

Full-time

29 (22.3)

86 (66.2)

Part-time

15 (11.5)

44 (33.8)

Unemployed

86 (66.2)

Attachment pattern, n (%)

Secure

60 (46.2)

 

Dismissive

9 (6.9)

Preoccupied

25 (19.2)

Fearful

36 (27.7)

Infertility treatment, n (%)

With treatment

14 (10.8)

 

Without treatment

116 (89.2)

Delivery style, n (%)

Vaginal birth

114 (87.7)

114 (87.7)

Planned C/S

9 (6.9)

16 (12.3)

Emergency C/S

7 (5.4)

Nutrition, n (%)

Breast-feeding

78 (60.0)

78 (60.0)

Mixed

51 (39.2)

52 (40.0)

Milk

1 (0.8)

  1. C/S: caesarean section