Table 2 Sub-analysis of postnatal depression prevalence in low and middle-income countries (N = 58, 2007–2017), (random effect model, result after a trim and fill analysis)
Variable of sub-analysis | Number of studies | Sample size | Pooled prevalence; 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|
Year of publication | |||
 2007–2009 | 15 | 5752 | 25.1 (18.1–32.2) |
 2010–2012 | 10 | 4840 | 18.2 (12.8–23.5) |
 2013–2015 | 20 | 14,000 | 19.6 (15.8–23.5) |
 2016–2017 (two years) | 13 | 38,701 | 25.6 (19.9–27.2) |
Income of the country | |||
 Low income | 11 | 4173 | 25.8 (17.9–33.8) |
 Middle income | 47 | 59,120 | 20.7 (18.4–23.1) |
Study setting | |||
 Health institution | 38 | 21,717 | 22.1 (18.8–25.3) |
 Community based | 20 | 41,576 | 20.9 (17.9,23.9) |
Time of screening | |||
 Birth to four weeks | 5 | 16,487 | 17.6 (7.8–27.5) |
 5 weeks to 10 weeks | 22 | 26,599 | 21.9 (18.0–25.7) |
 11 weeks to 16 weeks | 12 | 7683 | 17.9 (14.1–21.8) |
 17 weeks to 96 weeks | 19 | 12,524 | 25.2 (19.9–30.5) |
A tool used for depression screening | |||
 EPDS | 41 | 25,013 | 22.6 (19.6,25.7) |
 PHQ-9 and SRQ-20 | 7 | 17,479 | 14.4 (6.2–22.6) |
 DSM-IV | 2 | 17,061 | 8.6 (1.6–18.8) |
 Other/BDI, CED, SCID-I, MINI/ | 8 | 3740 | 28.3 (16.9–39.8) |
Sample size | |||
  < =1091 | 49 | 19,143 | 23.4 (20.2–26.5) |
  > 1091 | 9 | 44,150 | 14.4 (10.6–18.1) |