|
Socio-demographic characteristics
|
|
Age (years), mean (SD)
|
26.5 (4.8)
|
24.9 (5.2)
|
0.05
|
|
Body mass index during late pregnancy, mean (SD)
|
27.1 (3.8)
|
25.4 (3.8)
|
0.01
|
|
Education, n %
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
No formal/ primary education
|
86 (18.3)
|
17 (60.7)
| |
|
Secondary and above education
|
383 (81.7)
|
11 (39.3)
| |
|
Having income-generating work, n %
|
152 (32.4)
|
8 (28.6)
|
0.8
|
|
Consume chewing tobacco/smoking, n %
|
12 (2.6)
|
7 (25.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Alcohol consumption, n %
|
118 (25.2)
|
7 (25.0)
|
1.0
|
|
Family structure, n %
| | |
0.3
|
|
Joint/extended family
|
234 (49.9)
|
11 (39.3)
| |
|
Nuclear family
|
235 (50.1)
|
17 (60.7)
| |
|
Education of partners, n %
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
No formal/ primary education
|
51 (10.9)
|
13 (46.4)
| |
|
secondary and above education
|
418 (89.1)
|
15 (53.6)
| |
|
Partners with income-generating work, n %
|
437 (93.2)
|
27 (96.4)
|
1.0
|
|
Consume chewing tobacco/smoking by partner, n %
|
157 (33.5)
|
20 (71.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Alcohol consumption by partner, n %
|
239 (51.0)
|
19 (67.9)
|
0.1
|
|
Household wealth, mean (SD)
|
.09 (2.03)
|
−1.53 (1.66)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Intimate partner relationship
|
|
Quality of relationship with an intimate partner, n %
| | |
0.002
|
|
Least optimal (< 28 RAS score)
|
105 (22.4)
|
14 (50.0)
| |
|
Optimal (> 28 RAS score)
|
364 (77.6)
|
14 (50.0)
| |
|
Any lifetime experience of intimate partner controlling behaviour, n %
|
163 (34.8)
|
15 (50.0)
|
0.1
|
|
Any lifetime experience of intimate partner emotional violence, n %
|
191 (40.7)
|
17 (60.7)
|
0.05
|
|
Any lifetime experience of intimate partner physical and or sexual violence, n %
|
109 (23.2)
|
16 (57.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Any lifetime experiences of any intimate partner violence, n %
|
270 (57.6)
|
20 (71.4)
|
0.2
|
|
Reproductive characteristics
|
|
History of pregnancy, n %
|
|
Nulliparous
|
211 (45.0)
|
9 (32.1)
|
0.2
|
|
Two or more pregnancies
|
258 (55.0)
|
19 (67.9)
| |
|
History of miscarriage/abortion, n %
|
85 (18.1)
|
7 (25.0)
|
0.3
|
|
Taking iron tablet during current pregnancy, n %
|
449 (95.7)
|
20 (71.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
The good foetal health, n %
|
447 (95.3)
|
24 (85.7)
|
0.05
|
|
Unwelcome/inconvenient pregnancy, n %
|
61 (13.0)
|
10 (35.7)
|
0.003
|
|
Attended antenatal check-up for current pregnancy
|
466 (99.4)
|
25 (89.3)
|
0.003
|
|
Number of the antenatal visit for current pregnancy
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
none
|
3 (0.6)
|
3 (10.7)
| |
|
once
|
8 (1.7)
|
2 (7.1)
| |
|
twice
|
15 (3.2)
|
5 (17.9)
| |
|
Three times
|
33 (7.0)
|
5 (17.9)
| |
|
Four or more times
|
410 (87.4)
|
13 (46.4)
| |
|
Sex of index foetus
| | |
0.7
|
|
Boy
|
262 (55.9)
|
14 (60.9)
| |
|
Girl
|
207 (44.1)
|
9 (39.1)
| |
|
Number of children, n %
| | |
0.6
|
|
None
|
246 (52.5)
|
13 (46.4)
| |
|
One or more
|
223 (47.5)
|
15 (53.6)
| |
|
Length of gestation at baby birth (weeks), mean (SD)
|
39.9 (1.5)
|
39.1 (2.5)
|
0.2
|
|
Earthquake experiences, mean (SD)
|
3.3 (1.3)
|
3.6 (1.3)
|
0.2
|
|
Having practical/emotional social support, n %
|
348 (74.2)
|
18 (64.2)
|
0.3
|
|
EPDS, mean (SD)
|
8.0 (5.1)
|
10.6 (6.7)
|
0.06
|
|
EPDS total score categories, n %
| | |
0.2
|
|
< 9 score
|
289 (61.6)
|
14 (50.0)
| |
|
10 to 12 score
|
81 (17.3)
|
4 (14.3)
| |
|
≥ 13 score
|
99 (21.1)
|
10 (35.7)
| |
