Metformin and insulin treatment of gestational diabetes: effects on inflammatory markers and IGF-binding protein-1 – secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Regression models with significant (p < 0.05) association of inflammatory markers and IGFBP-1 concentrations with maternal and neonatal outcomes

Independent variable	Outcome	β-estimate [95% CI] (p-value)	n total
Baseline
non-pIGFBP-1	total GWG (kg/SD)	−1.2 [−2; −0.64] (< 0.001)*	201
MMP-8	late GWG (kg/SD)	0.41 [0.022; 0.77] (0.035)	202
non-pIGFBP-1	late GWG (kg/SD)	0.45 [−0.87; −0.13] (0.021)	202
hsCRP	length of gestation (weeks/SD)	0.2 [0.028; 0.36] (0.044)	202
high-pIGFBP-1	induction of labor (OR/SD)†	0.67 [0.48; 0.92] (0.0094)	202
non-pIGFBP-1	birth weight (SD/SD)	−0.15 [−0.32; −0.052] (0.027)	198
36 gestational weeks
non-pIGFBP-1	total GWG (kg/SD)	−1.1 [−1.8; −0.52] (0.0027)*	188
non-pIGFBP-1	late GWG (kg/SD)	−0.55 [−0.96; −0.21] (0.0069)	189
non-pIGFBP-1	cesarean section (OR/SD)‡	0.49 [0.24; 0.84] (0.043)	189
MMP-8	birth weight (SD/SD)	−0.17 [−0.34; −0.037] (0.022)	185

Both metformin and insulin treated patients were included. Induction of labor was performed in 92 and cesarean section in 26 women. Data is given as regression β-estimates or odds ratios (OR) in respect to one SD change of the predictor [95% confidence interval, CI] (p-value). The reference groups for binary outcomes were no induction of labor (†) and vaginal delivery (‡). SD = standard deviation, GWG = (maternal) gestational weight gain, pIGFBP-1 = phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, MMP-8 = matrix metalloproteinase 8, hsCRP = high sensitivity CRP. *p < 0.0045 (Bonferroni)

ISSN: 1471-2393