Variable | Metformin and insulin combined | Metformin | Insulin | p-value for comparison of changes (metf vs ins) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 179 | 94 | 85 | ||||
median/mean (95% CI) | p-value | median/mean (95% CI) | p-value | median/mean (95% CI) | p-value | ||
Inflammation | |||||||
hsCRP (mg/L) | −0.47 [−1.3; −0.014] | 0.011 | −0.45 [−1.7; 0.16] | 0.028 | −0.47 [−1.8; 0.093] | 0.18 | 0.72 |
IL-6 (ng/L) | 0.70 [0.20; 1.40] | 0.002 | 0.85 [0.50; 1.8] | 0.002 | 0.62 [−0.19; 1.4] | 0.13‡ | 0.31 |
MMP-8 (μg/L) | 0.0 [−2.0; 0.80] | 0.50 | −0.70 [−2.0; 1.0] | 0.76 | 0.70 [−2.0; 2.6] | 0.20 | 0.28 |
GlycA (mmol/L) | 0.11 [0.089; 0.13] | < 0.0001 | 0.15 [0.11; 0.18] | < 0.0001‡ | 0.091 [0.064; 0.12] | < 0.0001‡ | 0.020 |
IGFBP-1 | |||||||
Non-phosphorylated (μg/L) | 17.0 [13.0; 20.5] | < 0.0001 | 21.0 [14.0; 26.0] | < 0.0001 | 13.4 [7.9; 18.9] | < 0.0001‡ | 0.008 |
Low-phosphorylated (μg/L) | 6.0 [4.0; 7.9] | < 0.0001 | 6.0 [3.6; 7.5] | < 0.0001 | 4.0 [−2.0; 4.0] | 0.021 | 0.081 |
High-phosphorylated (μg/L) | 300 [190; 410] | < 0.0001‡ | 260 [110; 420] | 0.001‡ | 340 [180; 500] | < 0.0001‡ | 0.48† |