|
Variable
|
Metformin and insulin combined
|
Metformin
|
Insulin
|
p-value for comparison of changes (metf vs ins)
|
|---|
|
n
|
179
|
94
|
85
| |
|---|
| |
median/mean (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
median/mean (95% CI)
|
p-value
|
median/mean (95% CI)
|
p-value
| |
|---|
|
Inflammation
|
|
hsCRP (mg/L)
|
−0.47 [−1.3; −0.014]
|
0.011
|
−0.45 [−1.7; 0.16]
|
0.028
|
−0.47 [−1.8; 0.093]
|
0.18
|
0.72
|
|
IL-6 (ng/L)
|
0.70 [0.20; 1.40]
|
0.002
|
0.85 [0.50; 1.8]
|
0.002
|
0.62 [−0.19; 1.4]
|
0.13‡
|
0.31
|
|
MMP-8 (μg/L)
|
0.0 [−2.0; 0.80]
|
0.50
|
−0.70 [−2.0; 1.0]
|
0.76
|
0.70 [−2.0; 2.6]
|
0.20
|
0.28
|
|
GlycA (mmol/L)
|
0.11 [0.089; 0.13]
|
< 0.0001
|
0.15 [0.11; 0.18]
|
< 0.0001‡
|
0.091 [0.064; 0.12]
|
< 0.0001‡
|
0.020
|
|
IGFBP-1
|
|
Non-phosphorylated (μg/L)
|
17.0 [13.0; 20.5]
|
< 0.0001
|
21.0 [14.0; 26.0]
|
< 0.0001
|
13.4 [7.9; 18.9]
|
< 0.0001‡
|
0.008
|
|
Low-phosphorylated (μg/L)
|
6.0 [4.0; 7.9]
|
< 0.0001
|
6.0 [3.6; 7.5]
|
< 0.0001
|
4.0 [−2.0; 4.0]
|
0.021
|
0.081
|
|
High-phosphorylated (μg/L)
|
300 [190; 410]
|
< 0.0001‡
|
260 [110; 420]
|
0.001‡
|
340 [180; 500]
|
< 0.0001‡
|
0.48†
|
- Median/mean change from baseline to 36 gestational weeks [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Positive values indicate increase and negative values decrease. p-values are given for the one-sample t-test (indicated with ‡) or Wilcoxon’s signed rank test (comparisons not indicated by ‡). For comparison of changes between metformin and insulin groups, Mann-Whitney’s U-test or the t-test (indicated with †) was used. hsCRP = high sensitivity CRP, IL-6 = interleukin 6, MMP-8 = matrix metalloproteinase 8, GlycA = glycoprotein acetylation, IGFBP-1 = insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1. n-values for GlycA are 190, 99 and 91 for combined, metformin and insulin groups, respectively
