|
Patients characteristics
|
|
Age (years)
|
31.9 ± 5.01
|
109
|
32.0 ± 5.47
|
107
|
0.89
|
|
Smoking
|
9 (8.6)
|
105
|
17 (16.0)
|
106
|
0.099
|
|
Primipara
|
42 (38.5)
|
109
|
49 (45.8)
|
107
|
0.28
|
|
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
|
29.5 ± 5.91
|
109
|
28.9 ± 4.71
|
107
|
0.41
|
|
Glucose metabolism
|
|
HbA1c% at OGTT
|
5.48 ± 0.34
|
109
|
5.51 ± 0.34
|
107
|
0.49†
|
|
HbA1c at OGTT (mmol/mol)
|
36.3 ± 3.69
| |
36.7 ± 3.72
| | |
|
HbA1c% at 36 gw
|
5.68 ± 0.33
|
101
|
5.69 ± 0.36
|
95
|
0.82
|
|
HbA1c at 36 gw (mmol/mol)
|
38.5 ± 3.63
| |
38.6 ± 3.89
| | |
|
OGTT fasting (mmol/L)
|
5.52 ± 0.55
|
109
|
5.57 ± 0.42
|
107
|
0.44
|
|
OGTT 1 h (mmol/L)
|
11.2 ± 1.49
|
109
|
11.2 ± 1.24
|
107
|
0.61†
|
|
OGTT 2 h (mmol/L)
|
8.33 ± 1.76
|
108
|
7.91 ± 1.75
|
106
|
0.076
|
|
C-peptide at baseline (nmol/L)
|
1.05 ± 0.33
|
103
|
1.05 ± 0.29
|
101
|
0.90†
|
|
Pregnancy outcomes
|
|
Gestational hypertension
|
2 (1.8)
|
109
|
4 (3.7)
|
107
|
0.44‡
|
|
Preeclampsia
|
5 (4.6)
|
109
|
10 (9.3)
|
107
|
0.19‡
|
|
Assisted vaginal delivery
|
9 (8.3)
|
109
|
8 (7.5)
|
107
|
0.83
|
|
Cesarean section
|
15 (13.8)
|
109
|
18 (16.8)
|
107
|
0.53
|
|
Induction of labor
|
41 (37.6)
|
109
|
58 (54.2)
|
107
|
0.014
|
|
Gestational weight gain (kg)
|
7.97 ± 5.24
|
108
|
7.82 ± 5.27
|
107
|
0.83
|
|
Weight gain in late gestation (kg)
|
1.79 ± 2.62
|
109
|
2.15 ± 2.97
|
107
|
0.35
|
|
Gw at delivery
|
39.2 ± 1.40
|
109
|
39.4 ± 1.58
|
107
|
0.43
|
|
Neonatal outcomes
|
|
Birth weight (g)
|
3610 ± 490
|
109
|
3590 ± 450
|
107
|
0.78
|
|
Birth weight (SD)
|
0.17 ± 1.05
|
105
|
0.15 ± 0.96
|
107
|
0.91
|
|
Birth weight (centiles)
|
54.8 ± 28.9
|
105
|
54.3 ± 28.9
|
107
| |
|
Macrosomia
|
5 (4.6)
|
109
|
1 (0.9)
|
107
|
0.21‡
|
|
Birth weight < 10th percentile
|
12 (11.4)
|
105
|
9 (8.4)
|
107
|
0.46
|
|
Birth weight > 90th percentile
|
15 (14.3)
|
105
|
17 (15.9)
|
107
|
0.74
|
|
Admission to NICU
|
33 (30.1)
|
108
|
39 (36.4)
|
107
|
0.36
|
|
Newborn I.V. glucose
|
25 (23.1)
|
108
|
25 (23.6)
|
106
|
0.94
|
