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Table 5 Potential predictors of HF

From: Real-world in-hospital outcomes and potential predictors of heart failure in primigravid women with heart disease in Southwestern China

Univariable

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age > 35 years

.

0.655

Drinking

.

0.105

Obesity

.

0.064

Hypertension known before pregnancy or present in the first 20 weeks

.

0.477

Hypertension arising de novo at or after 20 weeks

5.7 (2.6, 12.4)

<  0.0001

Diabetes mellitus

2.1 (1.0, 4.6)

0.05

NYHA functional class ≥ III

93.4 (21.3, 408.8)

<  0.0001

Heart rate ≥ 100 bpm

4.1 (2.1, 8.0)

<  0.0001

Ejection fraction ≤60%

9.2 (4.0, 20.7)

<  0.0001

Fractional shortening ≤32%

6.6 (3.0, 14.7)

<  0.0001

Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ≥ 50 mm

6.1 (3.0,13.0)

<  0.0001

Cardiac medication use

5.4 (3.0, 9.4)

<  0.0001

Multivariable

 Hypertension arising de novo at or after 20 weeks

.

0.788

 Diabetes mellitus

.

0.627

 NYHA functional class ≥ III

15.9 (2.5, 99.7)

0.003

 Heart rate ≥ 100 bpm

3.8 (1.1, 13.5)

0.036

 Ejection fraction ≤60%

6.4 (2.0, 21.0)

0.002

 Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ≥ 50 mm

3.4 (1.1, 11.2)

0.041

 Cardiac medication use

.

0.127

  1. HF, heart failure; NYHA, New York Heart Association. For both models, an odds ratio > 1 indicated that one category had higher risk of having HF than the reference category, and odds ratio < 1 indicated that one category had lower risk of having HF than the reference category. “.” represented insignificant variables that were not included in the model