Table 4 Baseline Characteristics of Primigravid Women with Cardiac Disease with and without HF in Southwestern China
|  | HF (n = 73) | No HF (n = 435) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 30.5 ± 5.5 | 30.5 ± 5.3 | 0.907a |
Age group (years) | |||
 18–25 | 10 (13.7) | 71 (16.3) | 0.748 |
 26–35 | 51 (69.9) | 283 (65.1) |  |
  > 35 | 12 (16.4) | 81 (18.6) |  |
Various etiologies classification | |||
 VHD | 17 (23.3) | 49 (11.3) | < 0.0001 |
 CM | 18 (24.7) | 66 (15.2) |  |
 ACHD | 28 (38.4) | 179 (41.1) |  |
 PH | 3 (4.1) | 5 (0.9) |  |
 Other | 7 (9.6) | 137 (31.5) |  |
 Smoking (%) | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.000 |
 Drinking (%) | 3.8 | 0.9 | 0.159 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 5.7 | 25.9 ± 3.2 | 0.003a |
Obesity (%) | 11.8 | 1.1 | 0.065 |
Hypertension known before pregnancy or present in the first 20 weeks | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 1.000 |
Hypertension arising de novo at or after 20 weeks | 13 (17.8) | 16 (3.7) | <  0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 10 (13.7) | 30 (6.9) | 0.046 |
NYHA functional class | |||
I–II | 51 (69.9) | 433 (99.5) | <  0.0001 |
III–IV | 22 (30.1) | 2 (0.5) |  |
Heart rate (bpm) | 96.5 ± 19.2 | 85.7 ± 15.4 | <  0.0001b |
SBP (mmHg) | 117.7 ± 17.5 | 118.5 ± 35.3 | 0.869a |
DBP (mmHg) | 75.7 ± 13.4 | 76.6 ± 25.4 | 0.980a |
Echocardiographic outcomes | |||
Ejection fraction (%) | 57.5 ± 11.1 | 66.0 ± 6.1 | <  0.0001b |
Fractional shortening (%) | 31.0 ± 6.9 | 36.1 ± 5.7 | <  0.0001a |
Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 50.6 ± 10.3 | 45.3 ± 5.5 | 0.002b |
LDL (mmol/l) | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 0.722b |
TG (mmol/l) | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 0.914a |
TC (mmol/l) | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 0.450a |
BNP (pg/ml) | 3262.3 ± 7390.7 | 282.0 ± 624.3 | <  0.0001b |
Total hospital charge (RMB) | 9299 (6135, 13,485) | 5855 (3701, 9131) | 0.001b |
Cardiac medication (all) (%) | 47.1 | 14.3 | <  0.0001 |
Diuretics (%) | 36.8 | 6.0 | <  0.0001 |
β-blocker (%) | 17.6 | 3.7 | <  0.0001 |
Anticoagulation (%) | 11.9 | 3.7 | 0.006 |
Digitalis (%) | 8.8 | 1.0 | 0.001 |
Calcium channel blocker (%) | 13.2 | 5.3 | 0.038 |