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Table 1 Summary of characteristics in studies into a meta-analysis

From: Thyroid dysfunction in Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ref.

First author, Published Year

Year

Place

Number

GAa

Method

Criteria

Quality score

[17]

Naghshineh E, 2012

2010–11

Isfahan

1057

NR

NR

Hypothyroidism: TSH > 2.50 mIU/L

7

[18]

Mansourian AR, 2010

2007–08

Gorgan

120

First trimester

ELISA method for TSH

Hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.32 mIU/L

7

[19]

Naderi T, 2012

2010

Kerman

620

< 20 week

ELISA method for TSH and fT4

Clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 4 mIU/L; subclinical hypothyroidism: 2 < TSH < 4 mIU/L and FT4 < 0.07 ng/dL

8

[20]

Dehghani Zahedani M, 2010

2007–08

BandarAbbas

608

All trimester

RIA method for TSH and ELISA method for Anti-TPO Ab

clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 3.5 mIU/L and FT4 < 1.3 ng/dL; subclinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 3.5 mIU/L and FT4 > 1.3 ng/dL; hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.3 mIU/L and FT4 > 4.6 ng/dL; TPOAb positive: >  75 IU/mL

8

[21]

Borzouei Sh, 2019

2015–16

Hamadan

852

First trimester

RIA method for T4, IRMA for TSH and ELISA for anti-Anti-TPO Ab

Clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L and low FT4 or TSH ≥ 10 mIU/L; subclinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L and normal FT4; subclinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.1 mIU/L and normal (FT4 and FT3); subclinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.1 mIU/L and high (FT4 or FT3); Anti-TPO Ab positive: >  40 IU/mL

7

[22]

Rahmatelahi M, 2016

2016–17

Shahrood

369

< 20 week

NR

Clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 4 mIU/L with low FT4; Subclinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 4 mIU/L with normal FT4; clinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.4 mIU/L and elevated FT4; subclinical hyperthyroidism: TSH level < 0.4 mIU/L and with normal FT4

7

[23]

Saki F, 2014

2011–12

Shiraz

586

15–18 week

ECL method for TSH and T4

Clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 3 mIU/L and low FT4 or TSH ≥ 10 mIU/L; 3 < TSH < 10 mIU/L and normal FT4; clinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.2 mIU/L and elevated FT4 or TSH < 0.1; subclinical hyperthyroidism: 0.1 ≥ TSH ≥ 0.2 mIU/L and normal FT4

8

[24]

Lotfalizadeh M, 2017

2012–13

Mashhad

1000

First trimester

RIA method for TSH and ELISA method for FT4

Hypothyroidism: TSH > 3 mIU/L

7

[25]

Yassaee F, 2014

2008–12

Tehran

3158

 NR

CLIA method for TSH and T4

Clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L in the first trimester or TSH > 3 mIU/L in the second or third trimester, with normal FT4 (0.8–1.7 ng/dL); TSH > 2.5 mIU/L and FT4 < 0.8 ng/dL

8

[26]

Mehran L, 2013

2004–06

Tehran

299

All trimester

RIA method for of TT4 and TT3 and IRMA method for TSH

Anti-TPO Ab: >  40 IU/mL

8

[27]

Moradi S, 2013

2012

Tehran

584

All trimester

IRMA for TSH and by RIA for FT4, T4, T3,T3RU and anti-TPO

The reference range for TSH is 0.2–2.5 mIU/L in the first trimester and 0.3–3.0 mIU/L in the third trimester.

9

[15]

Nazarpour S, 2016

2013–14

Tehran

1480

NR

RIA and IRMA methods T4 for TSH

Clinical hypothyroidism: 5 < TSH < 10 mIU/L and FT4 <1 ng/dL or TSH ≥ 10 mIU/L; subclinical hypothyroidism: 2.5 < TSH < 10 mIU/L and 1 < FT4 < 4.5 ng/dL; clinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.02 mIU/L and FT4 > 4.5 ng/dL; subclinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.02 mIU/L and 1< FT4 < 4.5 ng/dL; Anti-TPO Ab positive: > 50 mIU/L

8

[28]

Kianpour M, 2019

2017

Isfahan

418

First trimester

NR

hypothyroidism: TSH > 2.5 mIU/L; hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.1 mIU/L; Anti-TPO Ab positive: >  60 mIU/L

8

[29]

Taghavi M, 2009

2006–08

Mashhad

500

First trimester

RIA method for TSH, FT4 and FT3

TSH level > 4 mIU/L and reduced FT4 concentration as clinical hypothyroidism; TSH level > 4 mIU/L and normal serum FT4 concentration as clinical hypothyroidism; TSH level < 0.4 mIU/L and elevated FT4 concentration as clinical hyperthyroidism

8

[30]

Nazarpour S, 2018

2013–16

Tehran

1843

First trimester

RIA method for T4 and IRMA method for TSH and IEMA method for Anti-TPO Ab

Clinical hyperthyroidism: TSH < 0.1 mIU/L and FT4 > 4.5 ng/dL; clinical hypothyroidism: TSH > 10 mIU/L or TSH > 2.5 mIU/L and FT4I < 1 ng/dL; subclinical hypothyroidism: elevated TSH (2.5–10 mIU/L) and normal FT4I (1–4.5 ng/dL); Anti-TPO Ab-positive: >  50 mIU/L

9

[31]

Zangeneh M, 2015

2011–12

Kermanshah

1200

< 16 week

ELISA method

Reference renege for TSH is 0.27–4.2 mIU/L and for FT4I is 5.13–14.6

7

[32]

Maleki N, 2014

2011–3

Bushehr

313

24–28 week

RIA method for FT4 and FT3

Reference renege in the first, second and third trimesters for TSH 0.1–2.5 mIU/L, 0.2–3.0 mIU/L; and 0.3–3.0 mIU/L, respectively.

7

[33]

Sarkhail P, 2016

2004–06

Tehran

120

All trimester

RIA method for TT4 and TT3 and IRMA for TSH

Reference renege in the first, second and third trimesters are TSH (0.2–3.9, 0.5–4.1, and 0.6–4.1 mIU/l); TT4 (8.2–18.5, 10.1–20.6, and 9–19.4 ≥ g/dL); and TT3 (137–278, 154–327, and 137–323 ng/dL), respectively.

7

[34]

Mellati Ali Avesti SF, 2003

2002

Zanjan

500

First trimester

IRMA method for TSH and RIA method for FT4

NR

6

  1. NR Not reported, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, mIU/L Milli-international units per litre, T3 triiodothyronine, T4  Thyroxine,GA Gestational age, ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RIA Radioimmunoassay, IRMA Immunoradiometric assay, CLIA Chemiluminescent immunoassay, IEMA immunoenzymometric assay, anti-TPO Ab anti-thyroperoxidase antibody