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Table 2 Obstetric characteristics by maternal birthplace, n = 842,496 women

From: The provision of epidural analgesia during labor according to maternal birthplace: a Norwegian register study

 

Native-born

Immigrants

Norway

High-income

Europe/Central Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

North Africa/Middle East

South Asia

East Asia/ Pacific

Latin America/ Caribbean

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

667,458

79.2

41,450

4.9

41,185

4.9

23,499

2.8

26,735

3.2

22,585

1.4

25,107

3.0

5477

0.7

Primiparous

286,766

43.0

19,082

46.0

20,468

49.7

7434

31.6

9751

36.5

4148

35.8

11,223

44.7

2778

50.7

Mode of delivery

 Spontaneous vaginal

541,515

81.1

32,118

77.5

32,343

78.5

17,391

74.0

21,222

79.4

9007

77.7

18,173

72.4

3927

71.7

 Instrumental vaginal

62,722

9.4

4761

11.5

4750

11.5

2037

8.7

2627

9.8

1212

10.5

3116

12.4

589

10.8

 Emergency cesarean section

63,221

9.5

4571

11.0

4092

9.9

4071

17.3

2886

10.8

1366

11.8

3818

15.2

961

15.7

Previous cesarean delivery1

42,145

11.1

2759

12.3

2295

11.1

2833

17.6

2158

12.7

1229

16.5

1978

14.2

528

19.6

Gestational age (weeks)

  < 37

33,335

5.0

1928

4.7

1755

4.3

1144

4.9

1332

5.0

769

6.6

1724

6.9

305

5.6

 37–41

590,202

88.4

36,913

89.1

36,920

89.6

19,996

85.1

24,063

90.0

10,361

89.4

22,649

90.2

4876

89.0

   42

43,921

6.6

2609

6.3

2510

6.1

2359

10.0

1340

5.0

455

3.9

734

2.9

296

5.4

Birth weight (gram)

  < 2500

21,084

3.2

1280

3.1

1170

2.8

1100

4.7

1021

3.8

786

6.8

1162

4.6

212

3.9

 2500–3999

504,827

75.6

32,584

78.6

32,992

80.1

19,437

82.7

22,489

84–1

9962

86.0

21,408

85.3

4525

82.6

  > 4000

141,547

21.2

7586

18.3

7023

17.1

2962

12.6

3225

12.1

837

7.2

2537

10.1

740

13.5

Epidural analgesia2

199,822

29.9

13,970

33.7

13,898

33.7

5161

22.0

7267

27.2

3188

27.5

6755

26.9

2498

45.6

Spinal analgesia2

41,312

6.2

2794

6.7

2451

6.0

2289

9.7

1742

6.5

829

7.2

2202

8.8

519

9.5

Pudendal analgesia2

16,379

2.5

1179

2.8

908

2.2

383

1.6

497

1.9

240

2.1

566

2.3

144

2.6

Nitrous Oxide2

281,531

42.2

16,161

39.0

16,131

39.2

7569

32.2

9161

34.3

3496

30.2

8611

34.3

2110

38.5

Local anesthesia2

207,465

31.1

12,852

31.0

11,981

29.1

6449

27.4

7052

26.4

3696

31.9

8231

32.8

1442

26.3

Opiates2

32,861

4.9

1628

3.9

1264

3.1

659

2.8

1285

4.8

517

4.5

1113

4.4

203

3.7

  1. 1Multiparous women only. 2Multiple analgesia modalities may have been used