Table 1 Maternal descriptive characteristics at baseline
Characteristic | Control (n = 8) | Intervention (n = 12) | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 30.5 ± 3.2 | 29.0 ± 3.5 | 0.4 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 5.7 | 26.3 ± 5.7 | 0.1 |
Height (cm) | 163.2 ± 6.5 | 161.2 ± 6.6 | 0.3 |
Body weight (kg) | 73.7 ± 13.5 | 70.7 ± 18.5 | 0.2 |
Percentage body fat (%fat) | 30.9 ± 5.9 | 28.9 ± 7.8 | 0.3 |
Fat mass (kg) | 23.4 ± 8.3 | 21.6 ± 12.3 | 0.2 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 50.1 ± 5.0 | 48.9 ± 6.4 | 0.2 |
Dietary fiber intake (g/day) | 18.3 ± 7.7 | 21.2 ± 7.4 | 0.4 |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1714.8 ± 692.8 | 2038.8 ± 361.9 | 0.6 |
Energy from carbohydrate (%) | 50.8 ± 8.8 | 46.5 ± 7.8 | 0.5 |
Energy from fat (%) | 32.3 ± 5.3 | 37.9 ± 7.5 | 0.9 |
Energy from protein (%) | 16.9 ± 4.6 | 15.4 ± 2.5 | 0.4 |
Parity | |||
 First pregnancy | 3 | 10 |  |
 One or more prior pregnancies | 5 | 2 | 1.2 |
Ethnicity | |||
 Non-Hispanic or Latino | 7 | 12 |  |
 Hispanic or Latino | 1 | 0 | N/A |
Education | |||
 High school or less | 1 | 1 |  |
 Some college or graduated college | 1 | 7 |  |
 Graduate degree | 6 | 4 | 1.0 |
Household income (dollars) | |||
  < $50,000 | 1 | 1 |  |
 $50,000 - $74,999 | 1 | 4 |  |
 $75,000 - $99,999 | 1 | 2 |  |
 $100,000 - $124,999 | 4 | 4 | 0.4 |
  > $125,000 | 1 | 1 |  |