Fig. 1

Study flowchart of cluster-randomized, non-inferiority trial. Abbreviations: PHU=Primary Health Unit, Hb = hemoglobin, ¹Other reasons women delivered at hospital: anemia (n = 6), cephalopelvic disproportion (n = 2), dystocia (n = 2), patient/family preference (n = 2), cord prolapse (n = 2), antepartum bleeding (n = 1), cervical stenosis (n = 1), cord wrapped around head or neck of fetus (n = 1), ²Other reasons women delivered at hospital: antepartum bleeding (n = 9), cephalopelvic disproportion (n = 6), gestation past 40 weeks (n = 4), patient/family preference (n = 2), anemia (n = 1), cervical stenosis (n = 1), cord wrapped around head or neck of fetus (n = 1), low amniotic fluid on ultrasound (n = 1), doctor’s decision (n = 1), unknown (n = 1)