Characteristics and outcomes | ||
---|---|---|
 | Frequency | Percent |
Caregiver in labour | ||
 Self -employed Midwife | 1406 | 92.7 |
 Core Midwife | 76 | 5.0 |
 Dr. LMC/Core Midwife | 35 | 2.3 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Parity | ||
 Nulliparous | 830 | 54.7 |
 Multiparous | 687 | 45.3 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Place of Birth | ||
 Tertiary Unit | 1188 | 78.3 |
 Midwife-led Unit 1 | 164 | 10.8 |
 Midwife-led Unit 2 | 165 | 10.9 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Gestation at start of labour | ||
 < 36 weeks | 4 | 0.3 |
 36–376 weeks | 72 | 4.7 |
 38–396 weeks | 649 | 42.8 |
 40–416 weeks | 782 | 51.5 |
 > 42 weeks | 10 | 0.7 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Onset of Labour | ||
 Spontaneous | 1423 | 93.8 |
 Induced | 93 | 6.1 |
 Missing | 1 | 0.1 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Membrane Rupture | ||
 Spontaneous | 1128 | 74.4 |
 Artificial | 380 | 25.0 |
 Intact | 5 | 0.3 |
 Missing | 4 | 0.3 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Cervical dilatation on entry to water (cm) | ||
 0 | 2 | 0.1 |
 1 | 17 | 1.1 |
 2 | 47 | 3.1 |
 3 | 126 | 8.3 |
 4 | 215 | 14.2 |
 5 | 251 | 16.5 |
 6 | 167 | 11.0 |
 7 | 135 | 8.9 |
 8 | 130 | 8.6 |
 9 | 61 | 4.0 |
 10 | 69 | 4.5 |
 Missing | 297 | 19.6 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
 Mean = 5.6cms (SD 2.1) | ||
No. of contractions on entry to water in 10mins | ||
 1 | 3 | 0.2 |
 2 | 83 | 5.5 |
 3 | 678 | 44.7 |
 4 | 511 | 33.7 |
 5 | 44 | 2.9 |
 6 | 4 | 0.3 |
 Missing | 194 | 12.8 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
 Mean = 3.4 (SD 0.7) | ||
Water Temperature on entry to Pool (°C) | ||
 Below 35 degrees | 18 | 1.2 |
 35–35.9 | 14 | 0.9 |
 36–36.9 | 222 | 14.6 |
 37–37.9 | 482 | 31.8 |
 38–38.9 | 346 | 22.8 |
 39–39.9 | 117 | 7.7 |
 Over 40 degrees | 41 | 2.7 |
 Missing | 277 | 18.3 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
 Mean = 37.4 (SD 1.3) | ||
Pain Relief before entry to water | ||
 Yes | 584 | 38.5 |
 No | 933 | 61.5 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Pain Relief after leaving the pool | ||
 Yes | 555 | 36.6 |
 No | 962 | 63.4 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Number of Vaginal Examinations | ||
 None | 1160 | 76.5 |
 1 | 280 | 18.5 |
 2 | 65 | 4.3 |
 3+ | 9 | 0.6 |
 Missing | 3 | 0.2 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Length of 1st stage of labour (mins) | ||
 Mean = 330 (SD 238) | ||
Length of 2nd stage of labour (mins) | ||
 Mean = 55 (SD 62) | ||
Length of 3rd stage of labour (mins) | ||
 Mean = 16 (SD 17) | ||
Mode of Birth | ||
 SVD OA | 1250 | 82.4 |
 SVD OP | 25 | 1.6 |
 Assisted delivery | 143 | 9.4 |
 CS | 99 | 6.5 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Birth underwater | ||
 Yes | 584 | 38.5 |
 No | 933 | 61.5 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Position of mother at time of birth | ||
 Sitting | 25 | 1.6 |
 Kneeling | 133 | 8.8 |
 Standing | 39 | 2.6 |
 Hands and Knees | 239 | 15.8 |
 Lateral | 34 | 2.2 |
 Semi-reclined | 632 | 41.7 |
 Lithotomy | 182 | 12.0 |
 Squatting | 83 | 5.5 |
 Lying flat | 122 | 8.0 |
 Floating | 2 | 0.1 |
 Others | 2 | 0.1 |
 Missing | 24 | 1.6 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Third stage management | ||
 Active | 917 | 60.4 |
 Physiological | 594 | 39.2 |
 Both | 6 | 0.4 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Estimated blood loss | ||
 0–499 | 1322 | 87.1 |
 500–999 | 141 | 9.3 |
 1000–1499 | 26 | 1.7 |
 > 1500 | 13 | 0.9 |
 Missing | 15 | 1.0 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Perineal and/or vaginal wall tear | ||
 No | 648 | 42.7 |
 Yes 1st degree | 390 | 25.7 |
 Yes 2nd degree | 415 | 27.4 |
 Yes 3rd degree | 33 | 2.2 |
 Yes 4th degree | 2 | 0.1 |
 Yes Graze | 20 | 1.3 |
 Missing | 9 | 0.6 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Episiotomy | Â | Â |
 Yes | 213 | 14.0 |
 No | 1294 | 85.3 |
 Missing | 10 | 0.7 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Suturing of Tear/Episiotomy | Â | Â |
 Yes | 720 | 47.5 |
 No | 784 | 51.7 |
 Missing | 13 | 0.9 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Apgar score at 1 min | ||
 < 7 | 90 | 5.9 |
 ≥ 7 | 1421 | 93.7 |
 Missing | 6 | 0.4 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Apgar score at 5 mins | ||
 > 7 | 11 | 0.7 |
 ≥ 7 | 1499 | 98.8 |
 Missing | 7 | 0.5 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Apgar score at 10 mins | ||
 < 7 | 4 | 0.3 |
 ≥ 7 | 1038 | 68.4 |
 Missing | 475 | 31.3 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |
Admission to NICU | ||
 Yes | 37 | 2.4 |
 No | 1474 | 97.2 |
 Missing | 6 | 0.4 |
 Total | 1517 | 100.0 |