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Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of those with and without intrapartum transfer (percentages relate to known cases unless stated otherwise)

From: Journey of vulnerability: a mixed-methods study to understand intrapartum transfers in Tanzania and Zambia

 

Not Intrapartum transfer

Intrapartum Transfer

Multivariable OR (95% CI)

N = 1465

N = 465

 

Mean (SD) Mother’s age in years

27.8 (6.2)

25.9 (6.7)

a

Country

 Tanzania

855 (89%)

104 (11%)

1

 Zambia

610 (63%)

361 (37%)

6.70 (4.61–9.73)

Married

 No

142 (68%)

68 (32%)

1

 Yes

1315 (77%)

396 (23%)

0.74 (0.50–1.08)

Unknown

8

1

 

Level of education

 None or primary only

611 (74%)

213 (26%)

1

 Secondary

493 (82%)

110 (18%)

0.91 (0.68–1.21)

 Higher or vocational

169 (85%)

30 (15%)

1.52 (0.79–2.91)

Unknown

192

112

 

Formal Employment

 No

1301 (75%)

433 (25%)

1

 Yes

152 (86%)

25 (14%)

0.57 (0.29–1.23)

Unknown

12

7

 

Religion

 Christian

1266 (74%)

434 (26%)

1

 Muslim or otherb

193 (89%)

25 (11%)

1.05 (0.64–1.73)

Unknown

6

6

 

Any previous stillbirth

 No

1407 (76%)

433 (24%)

1

 Yes

52 (62%)

32 (38%)

1.12 (0.65–1.93)

Unknown

6

  

HIV status

 Negative

1337 (77%)

410 (23%)

1

 Positive

104 (69%)

46 (31%)

1.64 (1.07–2.51)

Unknown

24

9

 

Care available at nearest health facility

 Basic EmOC

1203 (74%)

424 (26%)

1

 First Aid

52 (80%)

13 (20%)

0.60 (0.27–1.34)

 Comprehensive EmOC

185 (89%)

23 (11%)

0.65 (0.38–1.11)

Unknown

25

5

 

Number of ANC visits

  ≤ 4 visits

284 (70%)

119 (30%)

1

  > 4 visits

917 (82%)

195 (18%)

0.48 (0.36–0.64)

Unknown

264

151

 

Distance to nearest health facility

  < 30 min

1338 (78%)

369 (22%)

1

 30–60 min

74 (52%)

69 (48%)

1.38 (0.87–2.17)

 61–120 min

9 (39%)

14 (61%)

1.02 (0.37–2.80)

  > 120 min

3 (30%)

7 (70%)

1.65 (0.28–9.54)

Unknown

41

6

 

Distance to referral hospital

  < 30 min

704 (80%)

176 (20%)

1

 30–60 min

645 (84%)

125 (16%)

2.30 (1.59–3.33)

 61–120 min

55 (32%)

116 (68%)

9.80 (6.38–15.07)

  > 120 min

53 (54%)

46 (46%)

5.32 (3.05–9.27)

Unknown

8

2

 

Time of admission at referral hospital

 Day

832 (75%)

274 (25%)

1

 Night

633 (77%)

191 (23%)

0.88 (0.68–1.12)

Day of admission to referral hospital

 Weekday

1056 (76%)

332 (24%)

1

 Saturday or Sunday

408 (75%)

133 (25%)

0.94 (0.71–1.23)

Unknown

1

0

 
  1. Note: For categorical variables, the multivariable OR is the odds of intrapartum transfer for the given category, relative to the first category, adjusted for the effects of the other listed variables. Three singleton pregnancies were not included for missing intrapartum transfer status
  2. a A quadratic function was fitted for maternal age, providing linear and quadratic regression coefficients; this means that a single odds ratio for maternal age does not exist
  3. bOnly 4 of 193 ‘Muslim or other’ were not Muslim
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