Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study cohorts
Characteristics | Assisted Vaginal Delivery (n = 211) | Second-stage Caesarean Delivery (n = 348) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Mothers’ age | |||
− < 20 years | 12 (5.7%) | 21 (6.0%) | 0.916 |
− 20–34 years | 185 (87.7%) | 301 (86.5%) | |
− ≥ 35 years | 14 (6.6%) | 26 (7.5%) | |
Marital Status | |||
− Single | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (0.9%) | 1.000 |
− Married | 209 (99.1%) | 345 (99.1%) | |
Educational qualification | |||
− Primary education & below | 52 (24.7%) | 95 (27.3%) | 0.552 |
− Secondary education & above | 159 (75.3%) | 253 (72.7%) | |
Religion | |||
− Christian | 208 (98.6%) | 345 (99.1%) | 0.677 |
− Muslim, ATR & others | 3 (1.4%) | 3 (0.9%) | |
Prenatal care received | |||
− ≥ 4 ANC visits | 143 (67.8%) | 231 (66.4%) | 0.942 |
− 1–3 ANC visits | 42 (19.9%) | 73 (21.0%) | |
− 0 ANC visit | 26 (12.3%) | 44 (12.6%) | |
Parity | |||
− Nulliparous | 105 (49.8%) | 164 (47.1%) | 0.600 |
− Parous | 106 (50.2%) | 184 (52.9%) | |
Gestational age at birth | |||
− 370–396 weeks | 134 (63.5%) | 207 (59.5%) | 0.372 |
− ≥ 40 weeks | 77 (36.5%) | 141 (40.5%) | |
Sex of newborn | |||
− Female | 107 (50.7%) | 169 (48.6%) | 0.663 |
− Male | 104 (49.3%) | 179 (51.4%) | |
Birth weight | |||
− < 2500 g | 13 (6.3%) | 14 (4.3%) | 0.561 |
− 2500 to 4000 g | 178 (85.5%) | 285 (86.6%) | |
− ≥ 4000 g | 17 (8.2%) | 30 (9.1%) | |
Indications for interventiona | |||
− Delayed second stage | 178 (84.4%) | 239 (68.7%) | < 0.001 |
− Maternal exhaustion / fatigue | 49 (23.2%) | 63 (18.1%) | 0.157 |
− Foetal distress | 6 (2.8%) | 71 (20.4%) | < 0.001 |
− Other indications | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (2.3%) | 0.027 |
Imminent Delivery complications | |||
− Impending Uterine rupture | 3 (1.4%) | 9 (2.6%) | 0.393 |
− Placenta abruption | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1.000 |
− Cord prolapse | 1 (0.5%) | 7 (2.0%) | 0.166 |