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Table 1 Definitions of indications for second stage intervention

From: Perinatal outcomes of babies delivered by second-stage Caesarean section versus vacuum extraction in a resource-poor setting, Nigeria – a retrospective analysis

Indication classified as:

If the indication for the intervention as stated in the patients’ medical record is;

Delayed / Prolonged second stage (second stage of labour > 2 h)

Prolonged labour, obstructed labour, malposition, borderline or contracted pelvis or inadequate contractions

Foetal distress

Foetal distress, abnormal foetal heart rate, foetal tachycardia > 160/min or foetal bradycardia < 100/min

Maternal exhaustion / fatigue

Maternal exhaustion or insufficient maternal effort

Other indications

Other indication stated