Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of both individual and community-level factors associated with Home Delivery in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016
Individual and community-level variables | Models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Null model | Model I | Model II | Model III | |
AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
Mother’s age | ||||
< 20 Years | 1 | 1 | ||
20–34 years | 0.79 (0.59, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.20) | ||
35–49 Years | 0.70 (0.49, 1.01) | 0.91 (0.63, 1.31) | ||
Household head | ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | ||
Marital status | ||||
Not having a partner | 1 | 1 | ||
Had a partner | 1.44 (0.71, 2.90) | 1.10 (0.54, 2.25) | ||
Religion | ||||
Orthodox | 1 | 1 | ||
Muslim | 1.52 (1.19, 1.95) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.25) | ||
Protestant | 2.26 (1.68, 3.02) | 1.62 (1.15, 2.28) * | ||
Others | 2.21 (1.15, 4.24) | 1.48 (0.77, 2.84) | ||
Women education | ||||
Unable to read and write | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary education | 0.69 (0.57, 0.83) | 0.75 (0.62, 0.90) *** | ||
Secondary education | 0.39 (0.27, 0.56) | 0.50 (0.34, 0.72) *** | ||
Higher education | 0.25 (0.13,0.47) | 0.34 (0.18, 0.66) *** | ||
Husband education | ||||
Unable to read and write | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary education | 0.74 (0.61, 0.89) | 0.83 (0.69,0.99) * | ||
Secondary education | 0.44 (0.53, 0.59) | 0.53 (0.39, 0.70) *** | ||
Higher education | 0.48 (0.33, 0.69) | 0.56 (0.38, 0.81) *** | ||
Women occupation | ||||
Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
Working | 1.31 (0.72, 2.40) | 1.47 (0.80, 2.69) | ||
Husband occupation | ||||
Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
Working | 0.78 (0.42, 1.42) | 0.69 (0.38, 1.26) | ||
Distance to any health facility | ||||
Big problem | 1 | 1 | ||
Not a big problem | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) ** | ||
Media exposure | ||||
No media exposure | 1 | 1 | ||
Has media exposure | 0.80 (0.67, 0.59) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | ||
Had mobile | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.48 (0.38, 0.59) | 0.60 (0.48, 0.76) *** | ||
Insurance | ||||
Not insured | 1 | 1 | ||
Insured | 0.75 (0.32, 1.04) | 0.9 (0.88, 1.08) | ||
Had ANC | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.14 (0.12, 0.17) | 0.18 (0.14, 0.22) *** | ||
Birth order | ||||
1 | 1 | 1 | ||
2–4 | 1.76 (1.34, 2.30) | 1.78 (1.36, 2.34) *** | ||
> = 5 | 1.81 (1.24, 2.67) | 1.87 (1.27, 2.76) ** | ||
Parity | ||||
< = 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
2–5 | 1.43 (1.14, 1.81) | 1.37 (1.08, 1.74) ** | ||
> 5+ | 1.34 (0.93, 1.95) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.66) | ||
Wealth index | ||||
Poor | 1 | 1 | ||
Middle | 0.81 (0.65, 1.02) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.14) | ||
Richer | 0.48 (0.38, 0.59) | 0.78 (0.61, 0.99) * | ||
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
Rural | 4.55 (3.19, 6.49) | 2.92 (1.99, 4.29) *** | ||
Region | ||||
Addis Ababa | 1 | |||
Tigray | 2.54 (1.24, 5.23) | 1.46 (0.59, 3.60) | ||
Afar | 17.24 (8.06, 6.89) | 11.03 (4.29, 28.41) *** | ||
Amhara | 8.23 (3.98, 17.00) | 6.39 (2.60, 15.70) *** | ||
Oromia | 7.07 (3.42, 14.62) | 3.69 (1.50, 9.08) ** | ||
Somali | 10.66 (5.17, 1.98) | 6.02 (2.41, 15.06) *** | ||
Benishangul | 6.09 (2.90, 12.81) | 3.94 (1.59, 9.82) ** | ||
SNNPR | 5.75 (2.80, 11.77) | 3.04 (1.23, 7.47) * | ||
Gambla | 6.22 (2.97, 13.02) | 4.48 (1.77, 11.32) ** | ||
Harari | 3.59 (1.69, 7.64) | 2.68 (1.04, 6.89) * | ||
Dire Dawa | 2.73 (1.28, 5.84) | 2.01 (0.77, 5.20) | ||
Community ANC utilization | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||
High | 0.32 (0.25, 0.41) | 0.50 (0.39, 0.65) *** | ||
Community Health facility distance | ||||
Big problem | 1 | 1 | ||
Not a big problem | 0.56 (0.43, 0.71) | 0.69 (0.53, 0.90) ** | ||
Community media exposure | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||
High | 0.85 (0.65, 1.09) | 1.11 (0.85, 1.45) | ||
Community poverty status | ||||
High | 1 | 1 | ||
Low | 0.58 (0.44, 0.75) | 0.78 (0.58, 1.04) | ||
Community-women education | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||
High | 0.55 (0.43, 0.69) | 0.78 (0.60, 0.99) * | ||
Random effects | ||||
ICC% | 67.32 | |||
PCV% | 1 | 82 | 86 | 89 |
MOR | 12.17 | 4.75 | 3.20 | 2.54 |
Model comparison | ||||
Log-likelihood ratio | − 4749.96 | − 2606.26 | − 4303.85 | − 2450.68 |