Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression of factors associated with ANC 4+

   Province 1 (ref)

   Province 2

0.35 (0.22–0.57)^a

0.35 (0.22–0.54)^a

0.44 (0.28–0.67)^a

0.48 (0.32–0.74)^b

   Province 3

1.11 (0.68–1.8)

1 (0.63–1.56)

1.04 (0.66–1.64)

1 (0.63–1.57)

   Province 4

0.97 (0.59–1.58)

0.94 (91.06–0.84)

0.83 (0.53–1.3)

0.78 (0.5–1.22)

   Province 5

0.89 (0.56–1.4)

0.83 (0.54–1.27)

0.9 (0.59–1.37)

0.93 (0.61–1.41)

   Province 6

0.35 (0.22–0.55)^a

0.44 (0.28–0.69)^a

0.46 (0.3–0.71)^a

0.46 (0.3–0.71)^c

   Province 7

0.61 (0.38–0.98)^c

0.73 (0.47–1.14)

0.92 (0.59–1.42)

0.94 (0.61–1.46)

   Brahmin/Chettri (ref)

   Janjati

0.48 (0.37–0.61)^a

0.52 (0.41–0.67)^a

0.66 (0.51–0.85)^b

0.67 (0.52–0.87)b

   Dalit

0.48 (0.36–0.63)^a

0.57 (0.44–0.76)^a

0.82 (0.62–1.09)

0.88 (0.66–1.18)

   Muslim

0.34 (0.19–0.61)^a

0.28 (0.17–0.44)^a

0.49 (0.31–0.79)^b

0.57 (0.36–0.91)^c

   Others

0.53 (0.37–0.75)^a

0.49 (0.34–0.69)^a

0.67 (0.47–0.97)^c

0.74 (0.51–1.07)

   Hindu (ref)

   Non--Hindu

0.92 (0.65–1.29)

  Poor (ref)

  Middle

1.88 (1.5–2.36)^a

1.6 (1.27–2.03)^a

1.38 (1.08–1.76)

  Rich

2.87 (2.29–3.6)^a

1.97 (1.56–2.49)^a

1.53 (1.19–1.99)

Age

0.95 (0.94–0.96)^a

0.95 (0.93–0.96)^a

  No education (ref)

  Primary school

1.64 (1.32–2.03)^a

1.38 (1.1–1.72)^b

  Secondary school

2.78 (2.26–3.43)^a

1.87 (1.47–2.36)^a

  Higher school

7.7 (5.37–11.04)^a

4.64 (3.05–7.05)^a

  No education (ref)

  Primary school

1.24 (0.95–1.61)

  Secondary school

1.51 (1.17–1.95)^b

  Higher school

1.45 (1.01–2.06)^c

  Herself (ref)

  Women and someone else

0.94 (0.74–1.2)

  Others

1.06 (0.86–1.32)

  Less than once a week (ref)

  At least once a week

1.86 (0.94–3.66)^b

Variance at individual: (PSU: residence (urban/rural): PSU)

0.0006

0.0002

< 0.00001

< 0.00001

Variance at PSU: residence (urban/rural)

0.75

0.62

0.53

0.51

Variance at residence (urban/rural)

0.123

0.05

0.021

0.02

ICC

0.21

0.17

0.143

0.13