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Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study and control group (N = 1224)

From: Maternal and neonatal outcome of births planned in alongside midwifery units: a cohort study from a tertiary center in Germany

 

Study group

(n = 612)

Control group

(n = 612)

p value

Age (years), mean (SD)

32.9 (4.4)

32.1 (5.1)

0.003

BMI (kg/m2) ≥ 25, n (%)

421 (68.8)

196 (32.0)

< 0.001

Mode of birth, n (%)

  

0.101

Spontaneous

517 (84.5)

502 (82.0)

 

Instrumental vaginal

38 (6.2)

58 (9.5)

 

Cesarean

57 (9.3)

52 (8.5)

 

Epidural anesthesia, n (%)

117 (19.1)

252 (41.2)

< 0.001

Duration, second stage of labora (min), mean (SD)

47.4 (54.1)

55.6 (59.5)

0.002b

Episiotomya, n (%)

26 (4.7)

48 (8.6)

0.066

Obstetric injurya, n (%)

  

0.007

First degree perineal laceration,

labia laceration

149 (26.8)

119 (21.2)

 

Second degree perineal laceration,

vaginal or clitoral laceration

191 (34.4)

260 (46.4)

 

Third or fourth degree perineal

laceration, cervical laceration

13 (2.3)

5 (0.9)

 

None

202 (36.4)

176 (31.4)

 

Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%)

43 (7.0)

55 (9.0)

0.246

Birthweight (gram), mean (SD)

3561.0 (427.3)

3466.3 (422.5)

< 0.001

5-min APGAR score < 7, n (%)

3 (0.5)

2 (0.3)

1.0

Umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10, n (%)

8 (1.3)

16 (2.6)

0.153

Missing

12 (2.0)

3 (0.5)

 

Transfer to specialist neonatal care, n (%)

5 (0.8)

9 (1.5)

0.386

  1. BMI Body mass index, SD Standard deviation
  2. aMissing for pairs with mode of birth = cesarean
  3. bWilcoxon signed-rank test