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Table 4 Result of multilevel logistic regression for maternal health care service use by women aged 15–49 who had their most recent birth within 12 months preceding the survey, West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia, 2018

From: Women’s retention on the continuum of maternal care pathway in west Gojjam zone, Ethiopia: multilevel analysis

Predictor variables

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

ANC 4+

 

ANC&SBA

 

ANC,SBA&PNC

 

Fixed Effects

Individual level factors

Women’s education

- Below primary educationa

1.00

1.00

1.00

… ..

- Primary education

1.51(1.04,2.22)

0.033a

2.16(1.33,3.49)

0.002a

0.92(0.46,1.85)

0.82

- Secondary and above

3.02(1.16,7.83)

0.024a

5.93(1.92, 18.34)

0.002a

1.94(0.33,11.54)

0.46

Husbands education

- Below primary education

1.00

1.00

… ..

1.00

- Primary education

1.97(1.34,2.90)

0.001

1.63(1.01,2.64)

0.04a

1.01(0.42,2.44)

0.94

- Secondary and above

1.13(0.46,2.74)

a0.79

1.58(0.57,4.41)

0.38

2.48(1.07,5.73)

0.005a

Women’s Occupation

- Employed

1.00

1.00

… .

1.00

- Farmer

7.35E5(9.49E6,0.001)

0.00

1.03(0.08,14.02)

0.99

0.27(0.10,0.78)

0.015a

- Merchant

8.02E5(7.62E-6,0.001)

0.00

2.73(0.18, 42.33)

0.47

3.07(0.38,24.55)

0.29

- House wife

6.30E5(7.57E-6,0.001)

0.00

2.97(0.41, 21.74)

0.28

3.61(1.08,12.07)

0.04a

- Others

0.0001(1.02-E,0.001)

0.00

8.23(0.68, 99.89)

0.10

1.19(0.21,6.69)

0.84

Husband’s Occupation

- Employed

1.00

1.00

1.00

- Farmer

0.19(0.01, 2.49)

0.20a

0.68(0.21, 2.21)

0.53

5.32(0.95,29.74)

0.06

- Merchant

0.21(0.02,2.72)

0.19

0.60(0.14, 2.56)

0.49

0.92(0.13,6.49)

0.93

- Others

0.27(0.03,2.70)

0.27

0.26(0.08, 0.89)

0.03a

3.78(0.66,21.62)

0.14

Religion

- Orthodox Christian

1.00

1.00

 

1.00

- Others

0.74(0.33,1.65)

0.48

0.58(0.27,1.27)

0.17

0.42(0.14,1.30)

0.13

Age of the mother

- 35+ years

1.00.

1.00

… … .

1.00

- 25–34 years

1.52(0.99, 2.33)

0.052

2.25(1.44, 3.53)

0.001a

0.44(0.18,1.06)

0.07

- 15–24 years

6.15 (2.41, 16.48)

0.000a

6.96(3.33,14.54)

0.001a

2.33(0.59,9.06)

0.22

Birth interval

- < 24 months

1.00

1.00

1.00

- 24–33 months

0.73(0.21, 2.59)

0.03a

0.30(0.12,0.76)

0.01a

0.39 (0.08,1.92)

0.25

- 34–59 months

1.25(0.44,3.53)

0.68

0.44(0.18,1.08)

0.07

0.36(0.07,1.91)

0.23

- > = 60 months

2.48(0.77, 8.04)

0.13

1.22(0.45,3.28)

0.69

0.36(0.06,2.35)

0.29

Intendedness of the pregnancy

- Intended

2.24(1.13,4.43)

0.02a

6.28(1.56,25.31)

0.01a

2.09(0.66,6.69)

0.21

- Not Intended

1.00

 

1.00

… ..

1.00

… …

History of poor fetal outcome

- Yes

0.99(0.48, 2.06)

0.98

0.87(0.48,1.57)

0.64

0.30(0.12,0.79)

0.02a

- No

1.00

1.00

1.00

Complications encountered during the last pregnancy

- Yes

1.23 (0.56,2.70)

0.61

2.73(1.44, 5.19)

0.002a

1.07(0.60,1.89)

0.82

- No

1.00

… …

1.00

1.00

_____

Knowledge on danger signs of pregnancy

- Knowledgeable

3.31(2.02, 5.41)

0.001a

9.71(4.56,20.68)

0.001a

2.64(1.27,5.49)

0.01

- Not knowledgeable

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

Household wealth index

- Higher

2.21(1.12,4.34)

0.02a

0.98(0.60,1.59)

0.91

0.59(0.29,1.16)

0.13

- Middle

2.15(1.50,3.09)

0.001

1.27(0.85,1.90)

0.24

0.89()0.52,1.56)

0.70

- Lower

1.00

11.00

1.00

Timing of first ANC

- within 16 weeks

7.53(2.94,19.29)

0.001a

- After 16 weeks

1.00

 

Content of ANC

- Appropriate

3.31(1.08,10.16)

0.04a

- Inappropriate

1.00

 

Mode of delivery

- SVD

0.36(0.20,0.68)

0.001

- Assisted/surgery

1.00

Community level factors

Type of residence

- Urban

1.51(0.83,2.76)

0.18

4.08(2.63,6.31)

0.000a

1.30(0.53,3.15)

0.57

- Rural

1.00

 

1.00

1.00

… ..

Health facility readiness level

- High Readiness

3.53(1.27,9.82)

0.02a

3.07(1.27,7.41)

0.021a

1.18(0.44,3.16)

0.57

- Medium readiness

2.25(0.68,7.43)

0.18

1.41(0.65,3.06)

0.38

1.49(0.79,2.80)

0.21

- Low readiness

1.00

1.00

1.00

Random Effects

Variance(τ20)

0.952(0.56)

 

0.371(0.26)

 

0.440(0.39)

 

ICC

0.224

 

0.101

 

0.118

 

-2LL

3259.902

 

5072.391

 

1765.477

 
  1. . SVD Spontaneous vaginal delivery, a = statistically significant at 0.05′ ICC Intra correlation Coefficient;-2LL -Log likelihood