Table 1 The maternal role adaptation program based on the ecological model
Ecological system | Meaning | Intervention focus | Intervention goal | Intervention content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual | People’s own characteristics such as knowledge, skill, health etc. | First time mothers’ knowledge and skill for infant care in the baby friendly environment | • To improve first time mothers’ core knowledge and skill for infant care and successful breastfeeding practices • To promote mothers’ positive attitudes about rooming-in and breastfeeding practice | • Importance of rooming-in • Successful breastfeeding strategies and breast care • Infant care skills including bathing, diaper changing, playing, interpreting baby’s cues etc. |
Microsystem | Immediate environment surrounding individual | Interactions between mother-partner and mother-infant | • To improve the attachment and relationships between mother and infant • To improve the healthy relationship between mother and partner • To promote and empower partners’ support through providing partners core knowledge and skill for infant care and breastfeeding support | • Encourage infant massage by mother • Importance of family centered care and rooming-in • Importance of supporters’ role in successful transition to motherhood • Infant care including bathing, diaper changing, playing, interpreting baby’s cues etc. |
Mesosystem | Interactions between individuals in the immediate environment | Interactions between partner and infant | • To improve the attachment and relationships between father and baby | • Encourage infant massage by father • Meaning of baby’s cues and playing with baby |
Exosystem | Principles to affect relations and behavior within each environment system | Principles of rooming-in and breastfeeding & infant care support in Sanhujoriwon | • To set up desirable principles of rooming-in and exclusive breastfeeding support to establish family centered care environment in Sanhujoriwon with Director of Sanhujoriwon | • Rooming-in and breastfeeding support and education policies for mother and her family |
Macrosystem | Values to affect social interactions that are embedded in each environment system. | Value toward rooming-in and breastfeeding in the Sanhujoriwon | • To promote the value of rooming-in and breastfeeding during the early postpartum period as a critical period for maternal role transition and adaptation in Sanhujoriwon | • Stress the importance of choosing to room-in and breastfeed to promote a successful transition to mother and father roles |