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Table 1 Group differences for women with depression± during pregnancy and postpartum, and for responders versus non-responders

From: Comparison of screening accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 using two case-identification methods during pregnancy and postpartum

 

Pregnancy Baseline±

  

Postpartum 26-weeks±

  

Postpartum 26-weeks

  

Depressed

Not depressed

P#

phi

Depressed

Not depressed

p#

phi

Responders *

Non-responders

p#

phi

Age

  

.83

.03

  

.99

.02

  

.48

.05

≥ 35

3 (5.4)

53 (94.6)

  

7 (15.2)

39 (84.8)

  

46 (82.1)

10 (17.9)

  

< 35

9 (3.6)

238 (96.4)

  

25 (13.8)

156 (86.2)

  

194 (76.7)

59 (23.3)

  

Relationship status

  

.33

.09

  

.96

.03

    

In a relationship

10 (3.5)

275 (96.5)

  

31 (14.4)

185 (85.6)

  

229 (79.0)

61 (21.0)

.06

.12

Single

2 (11.1)

16 (88.9)

  

1 (9.1)

10 (90.9)

  

11 (57.9)

8 (42.1)

  

Education

  

.26

.06

  

.93

.02

  

.18

.09

Low

2 (2.1)

93 (97.9)

  

10 (15.2)

56 (84.8)

  

71 (72.4)

27 (27.6)

  

High

10 (4.8)

198 (95.2)

  

22 (13.7)

139 (86.3)

  

169 (80.1)

42 (19.9)

  

Income

  

.04

.14

  

.80

−.03

  

.19

.09

High

3 (1.9)

155 (98.1)

  

17 (13.6)

108 (86.4)

  

130 (81.3)

30 (18.8)

  

Low

9 (7.8)

106 (92.2)

  

13 (15.9)

69 (84.1)

  

88 (73.9)

31 (26.1)

  

Country of birth

  

.41

.07

  

.92

.02

  

.64

.04

Australia

7 (3.2)

214 (96.8)

  

24 (14.5)

141 (85.5)

  

176 (78.6)

48 (21.4)

  

Elsewhere

5 (6.1)

77 (93.9)

  

8 (12.9)

54 (87.1)

  

64 (75.3)

21 (24.7)

  

Smoking

  

<.001

.28

  

.30

.11

  

.23

.09

Current smoker

3 (37.5)

5 (62.5)

  

2 (40.0)

3 (60.0)

  

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

  

Non-smoker

9 (3.1)

286 (96.9)

  

30 (13.5)

192 (86.5)

  

235 (78.3)

65 (21.7)

  

Parity

  

.67

.04

  

.53

.05

  

.22

.08

Multiparous

6 (3.3)

176 (96.7)

  

21 (15.7)

113 (84.3)

  

138 (75.0)

46 (25.0)

  

Primiparous

6 (5.0)

115 (95.0)

  

11 (11.8)

82 (88.2)

  

102 (81.6)

23 (18.4)

  

Past mental health

  

<.001

.31

  

.002

.23

  

1.0

–

No

4 (1.5)

256 (98.5)

  

21 (10.8)

173 (89.2)

  

206 (77.7)

59 (22.3)

  

Yes

8 (18.6)

35 (81.4)

  

11 (33.3)

22 (66.7)

  

34 (77.3)

10 (22.7)

  

Body mass index

  

.40

.07

  

.33

.08

  

.46

.04

Non-obese

7 (3.2)

211 (96.8)

  

27 (16.7)

135 (83.3)

  

173 (77.9)

49 (22.1)

  

Obese

4 (6.7)

56 (93.3)

  

5 (9.8)

46 (90.2)

  

51 (82.3)

11 (17.7)

  
  1. Note: frequency and percentage for women who responded
  2. ±At least probable minor antepartum depression = EPDS ≥ 13/Non-depressed = EPDS < 13; At least probable minor postpartum depression = EPDS ≥ 10/ Non-depressed EPDS < 10 postpartum
  3. * Non-responders at 26-weeks postpartum includes women lost to follow up (9 women lost during pregnancy and 15 women lost postpartum)
  4. #p = Continuity correction reported for 2 × 2 table
  5. Phi = effect size and interpreted using Cohen’s criteria: .10 = small effect; .30 = medium effect; .50 = large effect
  6. Statistically significant values are shown in bold
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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