Table 2 Bivariate analysis showing factors associated with Antenatal Depression, N = 375
Characteristics | Overall (N = 375) | Depressed (N = 88) | Not depressed (N = 287) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | Â | Â | Â | 0.673 |
  < 20 years | 56 (14.9%) | 10 (11.4%) | 46 (16.0%) |  |
 20–24 years | 118 (31.5%) | 32 (36.4%) | 86 (30.0%) |  |
 24–29 years | 105 (28.0%) | 22 (25.0) | 83 (28.9%) |  |
 30–34 | 49 (13.1%) | 12 (13.6%) | 37 (12.9%) |  |
  > =35 | 47 (12.5%) | 12 (13.6%) | 35 (12.2%) |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | 0.427 |
 At least primary level | 81 (21.6%) | 6 (6.8%) | 14 (4.9%) |  |
 At least secondary level | 260 (69.3%) | 71 (80.7%) | 222 (77.4%) |  |
 Advanced + tertiary level | 34 (9.1%) | 11 (12.5%) | 51 (17.8%) |  |
Gravidity | Â | Â | Â | 0.521 |
 Primigravida | 143 (38.1%) | 57 (64.8%) | 175 (61.0%) |  |
 Multigravida | 232 (61.9%) | 31 (35.2%) | 112 (39.0%) |  |
Planned pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | 0.071 |
 Yes | 279 (74.4%) | 29 (32.9%) | 67 (23.3%) |  |
 No | 96 (25.6%) | 59 (67.1%) | 220 (76.7%) |  |
History of obstetric complications | Â | Â | Â | 0.814 |
 Never given birth | 143 (38.1%) | 31 (35.2%) | 112 (39.0%) |  |
 No previous obstetric complications | 153 (40.8%) | 38 (43.2%) | 117 (40.8%) |  |
 Previous birth complications | 79 (21.1%) | 19 (21.6%) | 58 (20.2%) |  |
Chronic illnesses diagnosed in the current pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | 0.017* |
 Yes | 32 (8.5%) | 13 (14.8%) | 19 (6.6%) |  |
 No | 343 (91.5%) | 75 (85.2%) | 268 (93.4%) |  |
HIV status | Â | Â | Â | 0.960 |
 Positive | 93 (24.8%) | 22 (25.0%) | 71 (24.7%) |  |
 Negative | 282 (75.2%) | 66 (75.0%) | 216 (75.3%) |  |
Marital status |  |  |  | < 0.001* |
 Married/cohabitating | 297 (79.2%) | 58 (65.9%) | 239 (83.3%) |  |
 Other | 78 (20.8%) | 30 (34.1%) | 48 (16.7%) |  |
Negative life event | Â | Â | Â | 0.001* |
 Yes | 179 (47.7%) | 56 (63.6%) | 123 (42.9%) |  |
 No | 196 (52.1%) | 32 (36.4%) | 164(57.1%) |  |
Someone to talk to | Â | Â | Â | 0.008* |
 Yes | 134 (35.7%) | 67 (76.1%) | 174 (60.6%) |  |
 No | 231(61.6%) | 21 (23.9%) | 113 (39.4%) |  |
Intimate partner violence |  |  |  | < 0.001* |
 Yes | 121 (32.3%) | 44 (17.3%) | 77 (63.6%) |  |
 No | 254 (67.7%) | 44 (36.4%) | 210 (82.9%) |  |